Taxacom: "Early Permian" angiosperms... real or not real taxa/names?

Tue Jun 7 01:11:48 CDT 2022

Sorry to have seen this mail only now but I was off on holidays. 

Apart from the general discussion I can cut the discussion on the paper pretty short: the "paper" that Michael Wachtler put on research gate and/or his private homepage are pdfs written, layout and created by him. The "journal" Dolomythos does formally not exist, it is just his creation, the ISSN number is fiction, never deposited in the main institutions as requested by the Italian lay. The pdfs he creates and put online exist in several versions (depending when you download it) not numbered as such where he changes continuously the names and some formally relevant information on localities, holotypes, way of writing of the names and thus are illegitimate considering the code. He prints later the pdfs also as "books" and sells them, remodifying again the "papers" and changing some scientifically and formally relevant parts as well. Thus, from a formal point of view these "papers" do not exist. We had an inquiry on that to the commission of the code.

Moreover there have been several legal pursuits against this man since the material has been collected without the relevant permits, some of his "holotypes" are partly colored and redrawn specimens and/or even composed of originally different pieces of plant remains (you can see that when you see the originals). He was convicted by the Italian law due to several reasons (including illegal detention of material and manipulation of scientifically putatively important material). To close a very long story short. Everything that has the name of this man on and is pre-2010 and not published in generally well-established papers is a fraud and has not to be considered. Why pre-2010, because up to that year when the legal action started against him, he requested to be mentioned as co-author of the papers of material he had collected in order to give it into official deposits as requested by the Italian law and the Code.

Last but not least: Michael Wachtler is a self-made collector, museum-"director", philosopher of life, author of books, films etc, if somebody wants so have a look at is homepage. He has no background studies (not that a degree is necessary to do good science but sometimes helpful). The paper ae not cited by anybody then himself since they do formally not exist according to the code and cannot even be cited.

If anybody is in need of more information, he can contact me directly on my mail-address. I was, unfortunately, involved in all of this in the last 25 years and are the official representative paleontologist for the ministry and the SPI (Italian paleontological society) of the region of Italy.

With kind regards,
Evelyn Kustatscher

-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> Im Auftrag von John Grehan via Taxacom
Gesendet: Freitag, 3. Juni 2022 04:41
Cc: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
Betreff: Re: Taxacom: "Early Permian" angiosperms... real or not real taxa/names?

Tony, you make some 'interesting' assertions. My comment below:

"....unless I am mistaken, these are only hypothetical dates based on suggestions from molecular evidence"

These 'hypothetical dates" are widely accepted as more than that - even as empirical proof of age - by many, many, many people, including a number of individuals on Taxacom.

The suggestions do not come from 'molecular evidence' but from fossils that are used to calibrate divergence.

"So far as I am aware there are still no "accepted" pre-Cretaceous angiosperm fossils."

I note that "accepted" is in quote marks.'Accepted' by whom and of what significance?

"one is forced to the conclusion that either Wachtler's fossils are not angiosperms, or not  Permian, or perhaps not either, although they do look like flowers from his pictures.

One is not forced to either conclusion at all.

"in any case there is at least a 150 million year difference between the  start of the Permian and the start of the Cretaceous periods (with all of the Triassic and Jurassic between), so something is badly amiss..."

Really? By what authority in science? What is the scientific criteria for a fossil gap to be believable? 10 Ma, 50 Ma? 100 Ma? 150 Ma?

Cheers, John Grehan

On Thu, Jun 2, 2022 at 7:53 PM Kenneth Kinman via Taxacom < taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:

> Hi Tony,
>        I guess it partially depends on how one defines "angiosperm", but I
> think it is much broader than "flowering plant".   Stem angiosperms
> (proto-angiosperms, if you will) were likely around in the Triassic, 
> but both their bodies and pollen would have probably been very hard to 
> distinguish from gymnosperms.  Even more so if stem-angiosperms were 
> around in the Permian.
>       Another problem is that the sister group of angiosperms (sensu 
> lato) is also a matter of debate (is the sister group gymnosperms as a 
> whole or some subset of gymnosperms?).  In any case, I am rather 
> skeptical that Wachtler's Permian fossils are stem-angiosperms.
>                                      -------------------Ken
>
> ________________________________
> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Tony Rees 
> via Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> Sent: Thursday, June 2, 2022 6:12 PM
> To: Michael Heads <m.j.heads at gmail.com>
> Cc: taxacom <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
> Subject: Re: Taxacom: "Early Permian" angiosperms... real or not real 
> taxa/names?
>
> Hi Michael, yes but unless I am mistaken, these are only hypothetical 
> dates based on suggestions from molecular evidence. So far as I am 
> aware there are still no "accepted" pre-Cretaceous angiosperm fossils. 
> Were Mr/Dr Wachtler's "Early Permian angiosperms" to be authenticated 
> by other workers the results would be a paleobotanical sensation, 
> which is I suspect why they have been published outside the mainstream 
> literature, more than likely without peer review...
>
> I still wonder what it is he is describing, though...
>
> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fabou&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=rdibg1zMC6xFJ85H3HbfZjw6M5kIk5kw7WOLfBpouhk%3D&reserved=0
> t.me%2FTonyRees&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseum.it
> %7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b
> %7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAw
> MDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp
> ;sdata=%2B8EyyvZJqyFY8%2B9FOd%2BSVBkrrZoN6xkLLe1QYBNIPuo%3D&reserv
> ed=0
>
>
> On Fri, 3 Jun 2022 at 07:10, Michael Heads <m.j.heads at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > Hi Tony,
> >
> > Dates for angiosperms in recent studies include:
> > Triassic to Late Permian (Beaulieu et al., 2015); Triassic-Permian 
> > (Zhang et al., 2020); Triassic-Carboniferous (Salomo et al., 2017), 
> > and Permian (Yang et al., 2020).
> >
> > On Fri, Jun 3, 2022 at 8:09 AM Tony Rees via Taxacom <
> taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > wrote:
> >
> >> Dear Taxacomers,
> >>
> >> As some of you will be aware, with IRMNG (the Interim Register of 
> >> Marine and Nonmarine Genera) I attempt to compile a synoptic list 
> >> of published genus names, arranged in a "management classification" 
> >> (an attempt at synthesis of what seems to be current practise in 
> >> the literature), for
> all
> >> life i.e. animals, plants and more (including the most obscure 
> >> microfossils, viruses and prokaryotes).
> >>
> >> Currently I am attempting to back fill some gaps in recently 
> >> published fossil plant names and came across this work and some of 
> >> its associated
> >> publications: "The Evolution of the First Flowers Early Permian 
> >> Angiosperms" by Michael Wachtler, apparently more or less self 
> >> published by the Dolomythos Museum, Italy, see
> >>
> >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gPG7as%2BU3ceFWSZwjfSrbhyLdOt9%2BzVAhL8r23LZNo8%3D&reserved=0.
> researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FWachtler-Michael%2Fpublication%2F34132334
> 7_The_Evolution_of_the_First_Flowers_-_Early_Permian_Angiosperms%2Flin
> ks%2F5ebac7e392851c11a8620fbc%2FThe-Evolution-of-the-First-Flowers-Ear
> ly-Permian-Angiosperms.pdf&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40nat
> urmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c
> 58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWI
> joiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7
> C%7C%7C&sdata=f%2BFOsYM%2BJWgx5CFlq2Gke%2FAOlRKyWrg9GbHRkxuknaQ%3D
> &reserved=0
> >> , in which he establishes a number of new genera and species for 
> >> what he insists are new Permian angiosperm flowers, a contention 
> >> carried through to a number of other, similar works.
> >>
> >> Since otherwise, the earliest accepted angiosperm fossils do not 
> >> appear until the Cretaceous (refer e.g. Herendeen et al. 2017,
> >>
> >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gPG7as%2BU3ceFWSZwjfSrbhyLdOt9%2BzVAhL8r23LZNo8%3D&reserved=0.
> nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnplants201715&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustat
> scher%40naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703
> e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbG
> Zsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%
> 3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8C4e%2F4P4an2wKetjCS4Lm1G98rzysGgL9R6D%2F
> vRUUWw%3D&reserved=0
> ),
> >> one is forced to the
> >> conclusion that either Wachtler's fossils are not angiosperms, or 
> >> not Permian, or perhaps not either, although they do look like 
> >> flowers from his pictures. Perhaps the dating is wrong - I am no 
> >> specialist in such matters; but in any case there is at least a 150 
> >> million year difference between the start of the Permian and the 
> >> start of the Cretaceous periods (with all
> of
> >> the Triassic and Jurassic between), so something is badly amiss...
> >>
> >> Nevertheless, I am wondering whether Wachtler's published names 
> >> should stand, from a nomenclatural point of view, irrespective of 
> >> the "challenging" ages ascribed to them, or whether they do not 
> >> merit inclusion in my system on the basis of possibly invalid 
> >> publication (which does
> not
> >> seem to be the case) or other considerations. I note of interest, 
> >> that Wachtler's publications do seem to be cited by no-one but 
> >> himself, which does raise a bit of a red flag...
> >>
> >> Your opinions welcome!
> >>
> >> Thanks in advance - Tony
> >>
> >> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
> >>
> >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fabou&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=rdibg1zMC6xFJ85H3HbfZjw6M5kIk5kw7WOLfBpouhk%3D&reserved=0
> t.me%2FTonyRees&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseum.it
> %7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b
> %7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAw
> MDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp
> ;sdata=%2B8EyyvZJqyFY8%2B9FOd%2BSVBkrrZoN6xkLLe1QYBNIPuo%3D&reserv
> ed=0
> >>
> >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=z6Snhj1JCdh8%2Bsy0h4bJvDb78ccvxN50rwmmgP8jlag%3D&reserved=0
> rmng.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseum.it%7C6
> 8cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0
> %7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAi
> LCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sda
> ta=3xYF4K7IXi%2FLCvuGPy46Z4UNm%2BeeJ72iPqlzsh5gOY8%3D&reserved=0
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Taxacom Mailing List
> >>
> >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For 
> >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> >> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fl&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=sFaLaW%2BogsT2FRHKtMVWJpP8Y4qHicAG8VlgcCuyOfw%3D&reserved=0
> >> ists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatsc
> >> her%40naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C925132670
> >> 3e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTW
> >> FpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXV
> >> CI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=EDpH2e787iKU393pnBF%2FWRNq308wz
> >> j5JqhlZzYK%2BbgM%3D&reserved=0
> >> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> >> The Taxacom email archive back to 1992 can be searched at:
> >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Ftaxa&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dcgOwSAOdHLkgQZfgqiLIzAnL3SlaxkWN9Ms7gxKOcM%3D&reserved=0
> com.markmail.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseu
> m.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed667
> 4e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4w
> LjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C
> &sdata=4vea9fYooOjopHOdtwRxiKOoxNMGwA485rvI5fNoXg8%3D&reserved
> =0
> >>
> >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for about 35 years,
> 1987-2022.
> >>
> >
> >
> > --
> > Dunedin, New Zealand.
> >
> > My books:
> >
> > *Biogeography and evolution in New Zealand. *Taylor and Francis/CRC, 
> > Boca Raton FL. 2017.
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gPG7as%2BU3ceFWSZwjfSrbhyLdOt9%2BzVAhL8r23LZNo8%3D&reserved=0.
> routledge.com%2FBiogeography-and-Evolution-in-New-Zealand%2FHeads%2Fp%
> 2Fbook%2F9781498751872&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmu
> seum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed
> 6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiM
> C4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C
> %7C&sdata=7SaLRRJv6aaZ68uxH9T8t%2BpU0XxWUAXis05RCbfHsVc%3D&res
> erved=0
> >
> >
> > *Biogeography of Australasia:  A molecular analysis*. Cambridge 
> > University Press, Cambridge. 2014.
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IVFGMyyBHxxUnHMmzIiLVcOLcJzrt%2FcPLAgKhDUvYSI%3D&reserved=0
> ambridge.org%2F9781107041028&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40n
> aturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d
> 4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJ
> WIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000
> %7C%7C%7C&sdata=GU2gVZeqMFU0AEwYZ5Gz3VI983juIFV5maMm8mxSjoc%3D&amp
> ;reserved=0
> >
> >
> > *Molecular panbiogeography of the tropics. *University of California 
> > Press, Berkeley. 2012.
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=9ta2u0B97YCNJyi61Q%2B%2FzeXmIENsXfSF8grQ34YzaK0%3D&reserved=0
> cpress.edu%2Fbook.php%3Fisbn%3D9780520271968&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn
> .Kustatscher%40naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C925
> 1326703e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7
> CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXV
> CI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=R04ChbOiYwgLeEcTaOwhJLtxX4X%2F3B3G
> tn7ZoDUAduY%3D&reserved=0
> >
> >
> > *Panbiogeography: Tracking the history of life*. Oxford University 
> > Press, New York. 1999. (With R. Craw and J. Grehan).
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fbooks&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pveIbItoV5%2FHMeNtcB6HM%2FKwckHwVcsUqHtXr109NDw%3D&reserved=0
> .google.co.nz%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBm0_QQ3Z6GUC&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Ku
> statscher%40naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C925132
> 6703e3401a80d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762456317%7CUnknown%7CTW
> FpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6
> Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=MpiIPHTdP5SF90Blpg%2Fj0jgd%2BmX7eZU%2
> FLCrdyytZAY4%3D&reserved=0
> > <
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fbooks&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pveIbItoV5%2FHMeNtcB6HM%2FKwckHwVcsUqHtXr109NDw%3D&reserved=0
> .google.co.nz%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBm0_QQ3Z6GUC%26dq%3Dpanbiogeography%26sou
> rce%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuse
> um.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed66
> 74e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762612566%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4
> wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7
> C&sdata=Uifdm7ROso70p9zwZ%2FIe6osfsWmsAPtuLLx89OP7pDY%3D&reser
> ved=0
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Taxacom Mailing List
>
> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For 
> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flist&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=5a7v0msL7ElizE7BkjajPb5qDCBpt0QNVdwk2LtMUOU%3D&reserved=0
> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40
> naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80
> d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762612566%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8ey
> JWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C300
> 0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fM4qDgPNm5bj4wJUo4hUK1qLLOv1C56PnLxFRZTS2xI%3D&am
> p;reserved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at: 
> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu The Taxacom email archive back to 1992 can 
> be searched at:
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Ftaxa&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dcgOwSAOdHLkgQZfgqiLIzAnL3SlaxkWN9Ms7gxKOcM%3D&reserved=0
> com.markmail.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseu
> m.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed667
> 4e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762612566%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4w
> LjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C
> &sdata=M2tptm8HdBK63Kc19Yc1wttiwr97B8VE5ynEuwT42%2Fk%3D&reserv
> ed=0
>
> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for about 35 years, 1987-2022.
> _______________________________________________
> Taxacom Mailing List
>
> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For 
> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flist&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=5a7v0msL7ElizE7BkjajPb5qDCBpt0QNVdwk2LtMUOU%3D&reserved=0
> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40
> naturmuseum.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80
> d4c58ed6674e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762612566%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8ey
> JWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C300
> 0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fM4qDgPNm5bj4wJUo4hUK1qLLOv1C56PnLxFRZTS2xI%3D&am
> p;reserved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at: 
> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu The Taxacom email archive back to 1992 can 
> be searched at:
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Ftaxa&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dcgOwSAOdHLkgQZfgqiLIzAnL3SlaxkWN9Ms7gxKOcM%3D&reserved=0
> com.markmail.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7CEvelyn.Kustatscher%40naturmuseu
> m.it%7C68cb44e06e784fc0549a08da450ab7ae%7C9251326703e3401a80d4c58ed667
> 4e3b%7C0%7C0%7C637898209762612566%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4w
> LjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C
> &sdata=M2tptm8HdBK63Kc19Yc1wttiwr97B8VE5ynEuwT42%2Fk%3D&reserv
> ed=0
>
> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for about 35 years, 1987-2022.
>
_______________________________________________
Taxacom Mailing List

Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit: https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=m7leIcIMSxe6yFdFZDAPlDXaRwnSYou4LFWCcVMwJRk%3D&reserved=0
You can reach the person managing the list at: taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu The Taxacom email archive back to 1992 can be searched at: https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftaxacom.markmail.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Ca79a9c43daa349fb0afe08da484c9d21%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C637901791188194598%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=qrqpuAfCL9Exn%2BFWzUXW20abX0gzVzVoP56VEJK%2F%2FUI%3D&reserved=0

Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for about 35 years, 1987-2022.