[Taxacom] holotype designation

Sat Apr 13 17:39:31 CDT 2019

Dear Sergio,
this depends on the date of publication. Which epoch would you have in mind?

Cheers
Francisco

-----
Francisco Welter-Schultes

Am 14.04.2019 um 00:13 schrieb Sergio Henriques:
> Hi again, following up from this interesting discussion:
> 
> If a holotype is not fixed in the original designation and there are
> several specimens mentioned (eg. *Genus species* n.sp;  habitat: Southern
> Italy, Dalmatia, Crimea and Serbia).
> Are all specimens considered equal syntypes?
> 
> I say equal, because I am particularly interested in what happens if the
> specimens represents three species, one previously described and two
> distinct undescribed species.
> Which region/specimen would have priority in bearing the name and why?
> 
> All the best
> Sergio Henriques
> 
> 
> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 9:06 PM John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>> Thanks again to everyone for the continued feedback. It seems that there
>> are contingencies for even the seemingly most simple questions, but glad to
>> have some clarity.
>>
>> John Grehan
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 4:56 PM Rosenberg,Gary <rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> John,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I consider the example from Tindale (1958) to be a holotype by monotypy.
>>> We can’t tell that Tindale meant “holotype” by “type, a male, unique”
>>> without reference to other species described in that work. If we
>> broadened
>>> the meaning of “equivalent expression” to include such cases (where it is
>>> known that there was only a single type specimen), then there is no
>>> situation where Article 73.1.2 would apply.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Best wishes,
>>>
>>> Gary
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> *From:* John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com>
>>> *Sent:* Thursday, March 28, 2019 12:45 PM
>>> *To:* Rosenberg,Gary <rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>>> *Cc:* Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>; taxacom <
>>> taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>> *Subject:* Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Gary, your inference about Tindale is correct - although 1958 in this
>> case
>>> and the context is the same as you gave. For example for E. salvazi the
>>> full quote(and placed in a separate paragraph) is "Loc. Laos: Thado, 6
>>> June, 1915, R. Vitalis de Salvaza (type a male, unique, in Cornell
>>> University Collection, lot 841)." So am I correct to understand that this
>>> is "by original designation" rather than "by monotypy"?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> John Grehan
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 11:59 AM Rosenberg,Gary <
>> rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi John,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> The governing text of the Code is in Article 73.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> 73.1.1. If an author when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon
>>> states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is
>> the
>>> holotype, or "the type", or uses some equivalent expression, that
>> specimen
>>> is the holotype fixed by original designation.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> 73.1.2. If the nominal species-group taxon is based on a single specimen,
>>> either so stated or implied in the original publication, that specimen is
>>> the holotype fixed by monotypy (see Recommendation 73F)....
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>  From the information provided, the specimen is the holotype, but one
>> can't
>>> judge if it is holotype by monotypy or holotype by original designation,
>>> because we don't know the context. The author might have had an
>>> introductory section explaining his conventions. Elsewhere in the
>> treatment
>>> he might have referred to the specimen as "the type" or mentioned
>>> paratypes, cotypes or an allotype, which would make it clear that "type'
>>> meant holotype in that particular case. (Referring in the original
>>> publication to "type and allotype" for a taxon fulfills the requirement
>> of
>>> "equivalent expression" to holotype in Article 73.1.1.)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> If none of those avenues let us conclude that the specimen is the
>> holotype
>>> by original designation, we are left to parse the phrase you quoted. We
>>> don't know what followed "unique". The implication is that the author
>> meant
>>> "type, a male, unique specimen" but perhaps the text actually said
>>> something like "type, a male, unique in having red spots".  It seems that
>>> your example comes from Tindale (1941). In the description of *Endoclita
>>> albosignata*, he said “type, a male, unique l. 18942, in S. Aust. Museum”
>>> and in the description of *E. chrysoptera* he said “type, a male, unique,
>>> reared August 3, 1923 from * Machilus edulis* by J. C. M. Gardner; in
>>> British Musem”. The introduction to his paper does not states conventions
>>> about type terminology. In descriptions of other species he refers to
>>> “type”, “allotype” and “paratype” (e.g., *Endoclita gmelina*).
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> These clearly meet the requirements for holotype by monotypy. The
>> question
>>> is whether the knowledge that Tindale referred to “type” and “allotype”
>> for
>>> other species described in the same paper means that all his uses of
>> “type”
>>> in the paper indicate holotype by original designation. I would say no:
>> as
>>> soon as we start using evidence across taxa in a paper, we are making
>>> inferences. I’ve done a lot of work on type status of material treated by
>>> Henry Pilsbry and he was sometimes not consistent with his terminology
>>> across species within a paper.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Gary Rosenberg
>>>
>>> Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>
>>> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> On Behalf Of John
>>> Grehan
>>>
>>> Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2019 7:16 PM
>>>
>>> To: Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
>>>
>>> Cc: taxacom <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>>
>>> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Caution: This message came from outside of Drexel. Do not click links or
>>> attachments unless you expected this email.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> thanks to everyone for the quick feedback. This is indeed a case where a
>>> single specimen was being described for the species - therefore 'unique'.
>>>
>>> So I gather that this is pretty good evidence that there is no evidence
>>> for any further specimens being involved and that the unique specimen can
>>> be referred to as a holotype.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> John Grehan
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, Mar 27, 2019 at 7:09 PM Francisco Welter-Schultes <
>> fwelter at gwdg.de
>>>>
>>>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>> Relevant are Art. 74.5 and 74.6. For the type series, see Art. 72.4.1.
>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>> Just saying "type" alone is not necessarily enough for meeting the
>>>
>>>> conditions to qualify for a holotype designation. If there is external
>>>
>>>> evidence that the author had more specimens at his or her disposal,
>>>
>>>> this type would be a syntype.
>>>
>>>> I did not really understand the meaning of "unique" in this context.
>>>
>>>> Maybe a little more information could help.
>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>> Francisco
>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>> -----
>>>
>>>> Francisco Welter-Schultes
>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>> Am 27.03.2019 um 23:46 schrieb John Grehan:
>>>
>>>>> I could probably figure this out from the rules of nomenclature, but
>>>
>>>>> perhaps someone will know off the cuff as I would like to be sure
>>>
>>>>> and
>>>
>>>> have
>>>
>>>>> the info quickly. If someone in 1958 states "type, a male,
>>>
>>>>> unique...…" is that sufficient for the specimen to be referred to as
>>>
>>>>> a holotype since it is clear that the type is represented by a single
>>> specimen?
>>>
>>>>>
>>>
>>>>> Thanks. John Grehan
>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>
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>>>>>
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>>>
>>>> Nurturing nuance while assaulting ambiguity for 32 some years,
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>>>>
>>>
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> Nurturing nuance while assaulting ambiguity for 32 some years, 1987-2019.
> 