[Taxacom] holotype designation

Sat Apr 13 17:13:07 CDT 2019

Hi again, following up from this interesting discussion:

If a holotype is not fixed in the original designation and there are
several specimens mentioned (eg. *Genus species* n.sp;  habitat: Southern
Italy, Dalmatia, Crimea and Serbia).
Are all specimens considered equal syntypes?

I say equal, because I am particularly interested in what happens if the
specimens represents three species, one previously described and two
distinct undescribed species.
Which region/specimen would have priority in bearing the name and why?

All the best
Sergio Henriques

On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 9:06 PM John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com> wrote:

> Thanks again to everyone for the continued feedback. It seems that there
> are contingencies for even the seemingly most simple questions, but glad to
> have some clarity.
>
> John Grehan
>
> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 4:56 PM Rosenberg,Gary <rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
> wrote:
>
> > John,
> >
> >
> >
> > I consider the example from Tindale (1958) to be a holotype by monotypy.
> > We can’t tell that Tindale meant “holotype” by “type, a male, unique”
> > without reference to other species described in that work. If we
> broadened
> > the meaning of “equivalent expression” to include such cases (where it is
> > known that there was only a single type specimen), then there is no
> > situation where Article 73.1.2 would apply.
> >
> >
> >
> > Best wishes,
> >
> > Gary
> >
> >
> >
> > *From:* John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com>
> > *Sent:* Thursday, March 28, 2019 12:45 PM
> > *To:* Rosenberg,Gary <rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
> > *Cc:* Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>; taxacom <
> > taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
> > *Subject:* Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
> >
> >
> >
> > Gary, your inference about Tindale is correct - although 1958 in this
> case
> > and the context is the same as you gave. For example for E. salvazi the
> > full quote(and placed in a separate paragraph) is "Loc. Laos: Thado, 6
> > June, 1915, R. Vitalis de Salvaza (type a male, unique, in Cornell
> > University Collection, lot 841)." So am I correct to understand that this
> > is "by original designation" rather than "by monotypy"?
> >
> >
> >
> > John Grehan
> >
> >
> >
> > On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 11:59 AM Rosenberg,Gary <
> rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
> > wrote:
> >
> > Hi John,
> >
> >
> >
> > The governing text of the Code is in Article 73.
> >
> >
> >
> > 73.1.1. If an author when establishing a new nominal species-group taxon
> > states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is
> the
> > holotype, or "the type", or uses some equivalent expression, that
> specimen
> > is the holotype fixed by original designation.
> >
> >
> >
> > 73.1.2. If the nominal species-group taxon is based on a single specimen,
> > either so stated or implied in the original publication, that specimen is
> > the holotype fixed by monotypy (see Recommendation 73F)....
> >
> >
> >
> > From the information provided, the specimen is the holotype, but one
> can't
> > judge if it is holotype by monotypy or holotype by original designation,
> > because we don't know the context. The author might have had an
> > introductory section explaining his conventions. Elsewhere in the
> treatment
> > he might have referred to the specimen as "the type" or mentioned
> > paratypes, cotypes or an allotype, which would make it clear that "type'
> > meant holotype in that particular case. (Referring in the original
> > publication to "type and allotype" for a taxon fulfills the requirement
> of
> > "equivalent expression" to holotype in Article 73.1.1.)
> >
> >
> >
> > If none of those avenues let us conclude that the specimen is the
> holotype
> > by original designation, we are left to parse the phrase you quoted. We
> > don't know what followed "unique". The implication is that the author
> meant
> > "type, a male, unique specimen" but perhaps the text actually said
> > something like "type, a male, unique in having red spots".  It seems that
> > your example comes from Tindale (1941). In the description of *Endoclita
> > albosignata*, he said “type, a male, unique l. 18942, in S. Aust. Museum”
> > and in the description of *E. chrysoptera* he said “type, a male, unique,
> > reared August 3, 1923 from * Machilus edulis* by J. C. M. Gardner; in
> > British Musem”. The introduction to his paper does not states conventions
> > about type terminology. In descriptions of other species he refers to
> > “type”, “allotype” and “paratype” (e.g., *Endoclita gmelina*).
> >
> >
> >
> > These clearly meet the requirements for holotype by monotypy. The
> question
> > is whether the knowledge that Tindale referred to “type” and “allotype”
> for
> > other species described in the same paper means that all his uses of
> “type”
> > in the paper indicate holotype by original designation. I would say no:
> as
> > soon as we start using evidence across taxa in a paper, we are making
> > inferences. I’ve done a lot of work on type status of material treated by
> > Henry Pilsbry and he was sometimes not consistent with his terminology
> > across species within a paper.
> >
> >
> >
> > Gary Rosenberg
> >
> > Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> >
> > From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> On Behalf Of John
> > Grehan
> >
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2019 7:16 PM
> >
> > To: Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
> >
> > Cc: taxacom <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
> >
> > Subject: Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
> >
> >
> >
> > Caution: This message came from outside of Drexel. Do not click links or
> > attachments unless you expected this email.
> >
> >
> >
> > thanks to everyone for the quick feedback. This is indeed a case where a
> > single specimen was being described for the species - therefore 'unique'.
> >
> > So I gather that this is pretty good evidence that there is no evidence
> > for any further specimens being involved and that the unique specimen can
> > be referred to as a holotype.
> >
> >
> >
> > John Grehan
> >
> >
> >
> > On Wed, Mar 27, 2019 at 7:09 PM Francisco Welter-Schultes <
> fwelter at gwdg.de
> > >
> >
> > wrote:
> >
> >
> >
> > > Relevant are Art. 74.5 and 74.6. For the type series, see Art. 72.4.1.
> >
> > >
> >
> > > Just saying "type" alone is not necessarily enough for meeting the
> >
> > > conditions to qualify for a holotype designation. If there is external
> >
> > > evidence that the author had more specimens at his or her disposal,
> >
> > > this type would be a syntype.
> >
> > > I did not really understand the meaning of "unique" in this context.
> >
> > > Maybe a little more information could help.
> >
> > >
> >
> > > Francisco
> >
> > >
> >
> > >
> >
> > > -----
> >
> > > Francisco Welter-Schultes
> >
> > >
> >
> > > Am 27.03.2019 um 23:46 schrieb John Grehan:
> >
> > > > I could probably figure this out from the rules of nomenclature, but
> >
> > > > perhaps someone will know off the cuff as I would like to be sure
> >
> > > > and
> >
> > > have
> >
> > > > the info quickly. If someone in 1958 states "type, a male,
> >
> > > > unique...…" is that sufficient for the specimen to be referred to as
> >
> > > > a holotype since it is clear that the type is represented by a single
> > specimen?
> >
> > > >
> >
> > > > Thanks. John Grehan
> >
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