Taxacom: Questions of homonymy of three genus names

[Douglas Yanega]

On 7/4/24 12:07 PM, Tony Rees via Taxacom wrote:
> Hi Markku,
>
> continuing consideration of the other 2 cases you raise:
>
>> 2) ... NHM says "Haplota Dunning & Pickard, 1858" is "unjustified
> emendation" [of Aplota Stephens, 1834]
>
> This appears to be correct, in which case Haplota Dunning & Pickard, 1858
> would be unavailable, and Haplota Marcus, 1940 not a homonym

Unfortunately, under ICZN Article 33.2.3, this is not true:

"33.2.3. Any other emendation is an "unjustified emendation"; the name 
thus emended *is available* and it has its own author and date and is a 
junior objective synonym of the name in its original spelling; *it 
enters into homonymy* [snip]"

This is perhaps one of the most difficult bits in the entire Code - 
Article 33, in which emendations are available names, but incorrect 
spellings are unavailable - and the only difference between the two is 
whether the change in spelling was intentional (an emendation) or not (a 
misspelling).

If it is clear from reading Dunning & Pickard that they changed the 
spelling of Aplota on purpose, then Haplota Marcus IS a homonym.

That said, *the dates are important*. Dunning & Pickard's name was 
published in 1858. If it was never used as a *valid* name after 1899, 
then it can be declared a nomen oblitum, and Haplota Marcus, 1940 can be 
declared a nomen protectum, as long as it has been used as valid 
frequently (see Article 23.9.1).

In this and many such cases, you can't tell which names are valid, 
available, emendations, misspellings, or homonyms, without knowing ALL 
of the relevant literature. Nomenclators, aggregators, human or 
automated, are going to have trouble getting these things right.

>> 3) Setia Adams & Adams, 1852 vs Setia Meigen, 1829 vs Setia Oken, 1815
> I guess this trickier issue? "Setia Oken, 1815" is suppressed, but is
> "Setia Meigen, 1829" true original emendation Sesia or just subsequent
> usage of suppressed Oken name?
>
> My guess would be that Setia Adams & Adams, 1852 (in Mollusca) in the
> available name in this case. Setia Meigen is simply an incorrect
> [?=unjustified] emendation according to Pühringer, F. and Kallies, A.,
> 2004. Provisional checklist of the Sesiidae of the world (Lepidoptera:
> Ditrysia). *Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft
> Salzkammergut*, *4*, pp.1-85. (
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesiidae.net%2Fliterature%2FMitteilungen_2004_001-085.pdf&data=05%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Cc710a55a15f04497403a08dc9c81faa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638557330207437572%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Kvhl3z53QsuPWh4ZGTOvkZUtCNNQxSzgfxf8Gtm2IlE%3D&reserved=0) who
> state:
>
> Sesia FABRICIUS 1775:547 [[Sphinx] apiformis CLERCK 1759, subsequent
> designation by LATREILLE 1810:440]
>    Setia OKEN 1815:745; rejected name (Opinion Nr. 417 ICZN)
>    Setia MEIGEN 1829:103; incorrect emendation
>    Sometia MEIGEN 1829:115; incorrect original spelling (unavailable)
>    (+ more...)

This case appears to be the same exact situation. Setia Meigen is an 
emendation, and available. Setia Adams & Adams is a homonym *unless* (1) 
Meigen's name is a nomen oblitum, and (2) Adams & Adams' name qualifies 
as a nomen protectum.

In both of these cases, I'd be a little surprised if either of the 
junior names qualified as a nomen protectum. The first is a monotypic 
bryozoan genus, the latter is a subgenus name for a group of small 
marine snails, and might only rarely appear in print (though probably 
more likely than the bryozoan).

Peace,

-- 
Doug Yanega      Dept. of Entomology       Entomology Research Museum
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314     skype: dyanega
FaceBook: Doug Yanega (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)
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