[Taxacom] Iapyx vs. Japyx (etc.) in Diplura

Sat Apr 11 20:14:06 CDT 2020

This looks like an overwhelming majority to use the misspellings Japyx 
and Japygidae.

In the revision of the Code we are aware that the rules for prevailing 
usage need to be refined.

The Helophorus example is bad because in 1993 the Commission ruled in 
Opinion 1724 that the original spelling Elophorus was incorrect.

Two thoughts are being discussed.
1 - A prevailing usage spelling in such cases as you are presenting 
should be accepted. The majority should be overwhelming, and the usage 
frequency should be more than 25 publications in 50 years.
2 - Prevailing usage should be converted to something reliably fixed by 
authors, not as something that anyone can judge on their own research.

To determine majority usages, collecting such usage proportions as shown 
in this example, would play a decisive role. You are providing a good 
example of how scientists would approach this task.
Fixation of the spelling could then become a published nomenclatural 
act, and in this act the original spelling would become reliably 
incorrect. This is one basic idea that is currently discussed.

Best wishes
Francisco

-----
Francisco Welter-Schultes

Am 12.04.2020 um 01:08 schrieb Tony Rees via Taxacom:
> Same checks with Iapygidae/Japygidae and "Diplura" in the same document
> (Google Scholar search, 12/04/2020)
> 
> All documents, 1971-2020
> 
> Iapygidae: 10
> Japygidae: 597
> 
> So unless there are further options to consider or opinions to the
> contrary, my intention is to go with "prevailing usage" as indicating the
> correct spelling, for both family and genus name...
> 
> In IRMNG, I already had Japyx/Japygidae listed as "accepted" for genus and
> family (probably originating from the equivalent usage in Australian Faunal
> Directory, record pre-2010, but without rationalising it to this level of
> detail), however many of the species names have Iapyx as the current genus,
> Japyx as the synonym and will require to be amended as time permits....
> 
> - Tony
> www.irmng.org
> 
> On Sun, 12 Apr 2020 at 05:57, Tony Rees <tonyrees49 at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>> According to Reddell's (1985) treatment of  lapygidae [sic], the spelling
>> Japyx was introduced in Meinert, F. 1865. Campodeae, en familie af
>> Thysanurernes orden. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, ser. 3, 3:400-440. (I have
>> not seen this work). Reddell treats Meinert's spelling as an unjustified
>> emendation; also changed his (Reddell's) preferred spelling to Iapyx (from
>> Japyx) since his previous work on the group (1983) saying that the spelling
>> Iapyx was justified on the grounds of priority.
>>
>> On the other hand the Code allows an unjustified emendation to be "deemed
>> justified" if it is in prevailing usage:
>>
>> 33.2.3.1. when an unjustified emendation is in prevailing usage and is
>> attributed to the original author and date it is deemed to be a justified
>> emendation.
>>
>> *Example. *Because *Helophorus*, an unjustified emendation by Illiger
>> (1801) of *Elophorus* Fabricius, 1775, is in prevailing use in the
>> Coleoptera and attributed to Fabricius, it is deemed to be a justified
>> emendation; the name *Helophorus* Fabricius, 1775 is to be maintained as
>> the correct spelling.
>>
>> So, we seem to have 2 options, each defensible under the Code:
>> - go with original spelling/priority (Reddell's view, from 1985, also some
>> recent authors); correction is not mandatory (thanks Francisco)
>> - go with Meinert's spelling (but with attribution to Haliday) as
>> "prevailing usage"
>>
>> I did a quick survey using Google Scholar - indicative rather than
>> definitive of course, searching for Iapyx/Japyx and Diplura in the same
>> document:
>> (of course some of the Iapyx records could be in passing, with preferred
>> spelling still Japyx; and vice versa)
>>
>> Interval 2011-2020: Iapyx 2, Japyx 74
>> Interval 2001-2010: Iapyx 2, Japyx 71
>> Interval 1991-2000: Iapyx 0, Japyx 20
>> Interval 1981-1990: Iapyx 2, Japyx 18
>> Interval 1971-1980: Iapyx 0, Japyx 17
>>
>> To me this suggests that "preferred usage" favours Japyx, so that name is
>> maybe the correct one to use - but happy for further opinions of course...
>>
>> Regards - Tony
>> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
>> https://about.me/TonyRees
>>
>>
>> On Sun, 12 Apr 2020 at 01:56, David Campbell via Taxacom <
>> taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> wrote:
>>
>>> Certain authors seem to have favored different usage; for example,
>>> DeGregorio spelled the freshwater snail Io as Jo.  Similar issues exist
>>> for
>>> v and w, such as a clam from near the Waccamaw River named Pecten
>>> vaccamavensis.  (As a subjective synomym, it's not causing much trouble.)
>>>
>>> On Sat, Apr 11, 2020 at 11:46 AM Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom <
>>> taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Concerning another aspect of Geoff's contribution:
>>>> I and J are independent letters. Genus-group names differing by initial
>>>> I and J cannot be regarded as variants of the same name (Arts. 11.2,
>>>> 56.2). As Thomas wrote, Japyx is a subsequent misspelling, either an
>>>> unjustified emendation or an incorrect spubsequent spelling (or both).
>>>>
>>>> In some cases in Classical Latin publications the use of J and I
>>>> depended on typesetting conventions, occasionally also after the 1850s.
>>>> This has subsequently been automatically corrected to Postclassical
>>>> spelling.
>>>>
>>>> Genus-group names originally established as Jberellus, Jrcinia,
>>>> Jschnognatha or Jnopsis are unanimously considered as incorrect original
>>>> spellings, and have been corrected to Iberellus, Ircinia, Ischnognatha
>>>> and Inopsis, without a corresponding rule in the Code. There is
>>>> awareness of covering this gap in the 5th Edition of the Code.
>>>> This does not work with Julus, Jochroa or Josioides, which have not
>>>> unanimously been corrected to Iulus, Iochroa or Iosioides.
>>>>
>>>> I see no option to extend this convention for cases like Iapyx/Japyx.
>>>>
>>>> In species-group names the original spelling stands, even if such a name
>>>> looks unusual. Examples are iaponicus, iavanus, maior, iota, iudaica.
>>>> These names are not automatically corrected to japonicus, javanus,
>>>> major, jota, judaica. Independently established names varying only in
>>>> such an initial letter are deemed to be homonyms (Art. 58.3).
>>>>
>>>> Correspondingly, for genus-group names, an original spelling Iapyx
>>>> should also stand, even if this is not very well appreciated in parts of
>>>> the community.
>>>> Subsequently established genus-group names based on the assumption that
>>>> Japyx was correct, will stand, such as Afrojapyx, Burmjapyx, Congjapyx
>>>> or Teljapyx.
>>>>
>>>> If Japyx is determined as the correct spelling under the prevailing
>>>> usage rule, subsequently established genus-group names based on the
>>>> assumption that Iapyx was correct, like Silvestriapyx Pages, 1981, will
>>>> also stand.
>>>>
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Francisco
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Am 11.04.2020 um 13:44 schrieb Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
>>>>> Tony:
>>>>> Haliday (1864) used only the spelling "Iapyx" and is explicit on both
>>>> spelling and etymology, which means that a lapsus can be ruled out.
>>>>> The spelling "Japyx" must therefore have been introduced by a later
>>>> author either as an incorrect emendation or as an incorrect subsequent
>>>> spelling.
>>>>>
>>>>> The distinction has some importance as an incorrect emendation would
>>>> take specific date and authorship and be a junior synonym. An incorrect
>>>> subsequent spelling that is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the
>>>> publication of the original spelling is to be preserved and the
>>> spelling is
>>>> deemed to be a correct original spelling (Code Art. 33.3.1).
>>>>>
>>>>> I can see that the issue of selecting among the two spellings goes
>>> back
>>>> in time at least to Paclt (1952), who wrote: "So darf z. B. ... ein
>>>> ursprünglicher Iapyx durch keinen Japyx ersetz werden". Senckenbergiana
>>> 33:
>>>> 358.  [I couldn't find Paclt's work online and got this quote from the
>>>> footnote shown here:
>>>> https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53220317#page/265/mode/1up]
>>>>>
>>>>> I share Geoff's impression that "Japyx" is in prevailing usage, but
>>> the
>>>> decision on when to invoke "prevailing usage" is subjective. The
>>> definition
>>>> of prevailing usage used in our Code Glossary is:
>>>>> "Of a name: that usage of the name which is adopted by at least a
>>>> substantial majority of the most recent authors concerned with the
>>> relevant
>>>> taxon, irrespective of how long ago their work was published."
>>>>>
>>>>> /Thomas
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> On Behalf Of Tony
>>>> Rees via Taxacom
>>>>> Sent: 11. april 2020 08:54
>>>>> To: taxacom <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>>>> Subject: [Taxacom] Iapyx vs. Japyx (etc.) in Diplura
>>>>>
>>>>> Dear Taxacomers,
>>>>>
>>>>> In the Hexapod class (formerly order) Diplura, two forms of the genus
>>>> name Iapyx Haliday, 1864 are in current use, namely Iapyx and Japyx,
>>> same
>>>> for the family names based on this genus (Iapygidae/Japygidae); Japyx
>>> can
>>>> perhaps be construed either as a lapsus, a subsequent emendation, or a
>>>> legitimate correction; the name was originally published as
>>>>>
>>>>> Haliday, A.H. 1864. *Iapyx,* a new genus of insects belonging to the
>>>> stirps Thysanura, in the order Neuroptera.
>>>>> <
>>>>
>>> https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversity.org.au%2Fafd%2Fpublication%2Fe22adc15-efeb-48c9-b0fe-990dabe813a3&data=02%7C01%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk%7Ca6094a433e454fa615da08d7dde52bd4%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C637221848676573152&sdata=s8RlLvk5D4RXp6A3pJj9I2GQisaCS67E%2FjzwseQ%2FC%2BQ%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
>>>>>    *Transactions of the Linnean Society of London* <
>>>>
>>> https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversity.org.au%2Fafd%2Fpublication%2Fa6b0ca4d-471d-4666-96a2-8fee5114bc35&data=02%7C01%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk%7Ca6094a433e454fa615da08d7dde52bd4%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C637221848676573152&sdata=8NroTl%2BTbWEXNZRSFxRd2ZGbzY7LevxpgiztY8lBdic%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
>>>>>    *24*: 441-447 .
>>>>>
>>>>> In the absence of an ICZN ruling on the matter, are there any rules or
>>>> precedents to decide which spelling is preferable to use, and/or the
>>>> technically "correct" one?
>>>>>
>>>>> Regards - Tony
>>>>>
>>>>> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
>>>>>
>>>>
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