[Taxacom] holotype designation

Francisco Welter-Schultes fwelter at gwdg.de
Sat Apr 13 18:03:18 CDT 2019 

Dear Sergio,
Not really early for me...
In this case all specimens are to be considered equal syntypes.

No region has priority.

Any author can select a lectotype and by this act determine the future 
usage of the name, to be used for one of the 3 involved species. The 
other 2 species would get new names. It is highly recommended to contact 
other researchers in the same field and ask them on what they think 
about the scheduled lectotype selection.

Cheers
Francisco


Am 14.04.2019 um 00:43 schrieb Sergio Henriques:
> Dear Francisco:
> 
>   This would be the mid 1800. So really early work.
> 
> Cheers
> Sergio
> 
> On Sat, Apr 13, 2019 at 11:39 PM Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
> wrote:
> 
>> Dear Sergio,
>> this depends on the date of publication. Which epoch would you have in
>> mind?
>>
>> Cheers
>> Francisco
>>
>> -----
>> Francisco Welter-Schultes
>>
>> Am 14.04.2019 um 00:13 schrieb Sergio Henriques:
>>> Hi again, following up from this interesting discussion:
>>>
>>> If a holotype is not fixed in the original designation and there are
>>> several specimens mentioned (eg. *Genus species* n.sp;  habitat: Southern
>>> Italy, Dalmatia, Crimea and Serbia).
>>> Are all specimens considered equal syntypes?
>>>
>>> I say equal, because I am particularly interested in what happens if the
>>> specimens represents three species, one previously described and two
>>> distinct undescribed species.
>>> Which region/specimen would have priority in bearing the name and why?
>>>
>>> All the best
>>> Sergio Henriques
>>>
>>>
>>> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 9:06 PM John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Thanks again to everyone for the continued feedback. It seems that there
>>>> are contingencies for even the seemingly most simple questions, but
>> glad to
>>>> have some clarity.
>>>>
>>>> John Grehan
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 4:56 PM Rosenberg,Gary <
>> rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> John,
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> I consider the example from Tindale (1958) to be a holotype by
>> monotypy.
>>>>> We can’t tell that Tindale meant “holotype” by “type, a male, unique”
>>>>> without reference to other species described in that work. If we
>>>> broadened
>>>>> the meaning of “equivalent expression” to include such cases (where it
>> is
>>>>> known that there was only a single type specimen), then there is no
>>>>> situation where Article 73.1.2 would apply.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Best wishes,
>>>>>
>>>>> Gary
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> *From:* John Grehan <calabar.john at gmail.com>
>>>>> *Sent:* Thursday, March 28, 2019 12:45 PM
>>>>> *To:* Rosenberg,Gary <rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>>>>> *Cc:* Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>; taxacom <
>>>>> taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>>>> *Subject:* Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Gary, your inference about Tindale is correct - although 1958 in this
>>>> case
>>>>> and the context is the same as you gave. For example for E. salvazi the
>>>>> full quote(and placed in a separate paragraph) is "Loc. Laos: Thado, 6
>>>>> June, 1915, R. Vitalis de Salvaza (type a male, unique, in Cornell
>>>>> University Collection, lot 841)." So am I correct to understand that
>> this
>>>>> is "by original designation" rather than "by monotypy"?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> John Grehan
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, Mar 28, 2019 at 11:59 AM Rosenberg,Gary <
>>>> rosenberg.ansp at drexel.edu>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Hi John,
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> The governing text of the Code is in Article 73.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> 73.1.1. If an author when establishing a new nominal species-group
>> taxon
>>>>> states in the original publication that one specimen, and only one, is
>>>> the
>>>>> holotype, or "the type", or uses some equivalent expression, that
>>>> specimen
>>>>> is the holotype fixed by original designation.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> 73.1.2. If the nominal species-group taxon is based on a single
>> specimen,
>>>>> either so stated or implied in the original publication, that specimen
>> is
>>>>> the holotype fixed by monotypy (see Recommendation 73F)....
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>   From the information provided, the specimen is the holotype, but one
>>>> can't
>>>>> judge if it is holotype by monotypy or holotype by original
>> designation,
>>>>> because we don't know the context. The author might have had an
>>>>> introductory section explaining his conventions. Elsewhere in the
>>>> treatment
>>>>> he might have referred to the specimen as "the type" or mentioned
>>>>> paratypes, cotypes or an allotype, which would make it clear that
>> "type'
>>>>> meant holotype in that particular case. (Referring in the original
>>>>> publication to "type and allotype" for a taxon fulfills the requirement
>>>> of
>>>>> "equivalent expression" to holotype in Article 73.1.1.)
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> If none of those avenues let us conclude that the specimen is the
>>>> holotype
>>>>> by original designation, we are left to parse the phrase you quoted. We
>>>>> don't know what followed "unique". The implication is that the author
>>>> meant
>>>>> "type, a male, unique specimen" but perhaps the text actually said
>>>>> something like "type, a male, unique in having red spots".  It seems
>> that
>>>>> your example comes from Tindale (1941). In the description of
>> *Endoclita
>>>>> albosignata*, he said “type, a male, unique l. 18942, in S. Aust.
>> Museum”
>>>>> and in the description of *E. chrysoptera* he said “type, a male,
>> unique,
>>>>> reared August 3, 1923 from * Machilus edulis* by J. C. M. Gardner; in
>>>>> British Musem”. The introduction to his paper does not states
>> conventions
>>>>> about type terminology. In descriptions of other species he refers to
>>>>> “type”, “allotype” and “paratype” (e.g., *Endoclita gmelina*).
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> These clearly meet the requirements for holotype by monotypy. The
>>>> question
>>>>> is whether the knowledge that Tindale referred to “type” and “allotype”
>>>> for
>>>>> other species described in the same paper means that all his uses of
>>>> “type”
>>>>> in the paper indicate holotype by original designation. I would say no:
>>>> as
>>>>> soon as we start using evidence across taxa in a paper, we are making
>>>>> inferences. I’ve done a lot of work on type status of material treated
>> by
>>>>> Henry Pilsbry and he was sometimes not consistent with his terminology
>>>>> across species within a paper.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Gary Rosenberg
>>>>>
>>>>> Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Drexel University
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>>
>>>>> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> On Behalf Of John
>>>>> Grehan
>>>>>
>>>>> Sent: Wednesday, March 27, 2019 7:16 PM
>>>>>
>>>>> To: Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
>>>>>
>>>>> Cc: taxacom <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>>>>
>>>>> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] holotype designation
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Caution: This message came from outside of Drexel. Do not click links
>> or
>>>>> attachments unless you expected this email.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> thanks to everyone for the quick feedback. This is indeed a case where
>> a
>>>>> single specimen was being described for the species - therefore
>> 'unique'.
>>>>>
>>>>> So I gather that this is pretty good evidence that there is no evidence
>>>>> for any further specimens being involved and that the unique specimen
>> can
>>>>> be referred to as a holotype.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> John Grehan
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Wed, Mar 27, 2019 at 7:09 PM Francisco Welter-Schultes <
>>>> fwelter at gwdg.de
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Relevant are Art. 74.5 and 74.6. For the type series, see Art. 72.4.1.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Just saying "type" alone is not necessarily enough for meeting the
>>>>>
>>>>>> conditions to qualify for a holotype designation. If there is external
>>>>>
>>>>>> evidence that the author had more specimens at his or her disposal,
>>>>>
>>>>>> this type would be a syntype.
>>>>>
>>>>>> I did not really understand the meaning of "unique" in this context.
>>>>>
>>>>>> Maybe a little more information could help.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Francisco
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> -----
>>>>>
>>>>>> Francisco Welter-Schultes
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Am 27.03.2019 um 23:46 schrieb John Grehan:
>>>>>
>>>>>>> I could probably figure this out from the rules of nomenclature, but
>>>>>
>>>>>>> perhaps someone will know off the cuff as I would like to be sure
>>>>>
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>
>>>>>> have
>>>>>
>>>>>>> the info quickly. If someone in 1958 states "type, a male,
>>>>>
>>>>>>> unique...…" is that sufficient for the specimen to be referred to as
>>>>>
>>>>>>> a holotype since it is clear that the type is represented by a single
>>>>> specimen?
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks. John Grehan
>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Taxacom Mailing List
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>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fan.nhm.ku.edu&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214766583&sdata=250JXGHiWsLl8jU%2FjVqMsclmQ3roXCe6ZO%2Bs%2BsxpW5s%3D&reserved=0
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>>>>> <
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>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fom.markmail.org&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214776570&sdata=5h8OB%2By1Pqa8ZIc7tWeTmEY9p2Qi6MU6w380SWiD%2FWY%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
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>>>>> <
>>>>
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2F40drexel.edu&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214786580&sdata=Ne8%2Bd2Xm5gRTUlwfRrK%2Bpm2yyD91GwrJT68oOeGlsv0%3D&reserved=0
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>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Nurturing nuance while assaulting ambiguity for 32 some years,
>>>>> 1987-2019.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
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>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fan.nhm.ku.edu&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214786580&sdata=3MZRQ8HsnAI%2B54aiGtJzGFjYuCQ0F4KXziW0JUk2Pv0%3D&reserved=0
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>>>>> <
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>>>>>
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>>>>> <
>>>>
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fom.markmail.org&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214806612&sdata=Fb1Dyu3GbrKVgRAQgof1NHP%2BPp9Nt8JlU26Vwjnc71U%3D&reserved=0
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>>>>> <
>>>>
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>>>>>
>>>>> %7Cdcdd5
>>>>>
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>>>>>
>>>>>> 2F2QT%2BL1Q%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Nurturing nuance while assaulting ambiguity for 32 some years,
>>>> 1987-2019.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
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>>>>> <
>>>>
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmailman.nhm.ku.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214816604&sdata=STRdSz7qGKpi%2FrmhoVBSoBApZNku9d1wm3z4rYVWYJ8%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> You can reach the person managing the list at:
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>>>>
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>>>>> <
>>>>
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftaxacom.markmail.org&data=02%7C01%7Crosenberg.ansp%40drexel.edu%7C34f5621945d14fd7b3d008d6b39cc32c%7C3664e6fa47bd45a696708c4f080f8ca6%7C0%7C0%7C636893883214826608&sdata=EQicFoIIcPX7a1zdPYnB1jFO%2FzDBXAZ4FRlWIdCFJWE%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Nurturing nuance while assaulting ambiguity for 32 some years,
>> 1987-2019.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
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>>>>
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>

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