[Taxacom] authorities of kingdoms of life

[Robert A. Andersen]

Here is further information on kingdoms

The Monera can be traced to Copeland (1938):

Copeland, H. F. 1938. The kingdoms of organisms. 
Quarterly Rev. Biology 13: 383-420.

The Fungi can be traced to Whitaker (1957, 1959):

Whittaker, R.H. 1957. The kingdoms of the living world. Ecology 38: 536-538.
Whittaker, R.H. 1959. On the broad classification 
of organisms. Q. Rev. Biol. 34: 210-226.

The name Protoctista is derived from Hogg (1860), 
although it is somewhat unclear whether he 
proposed the name Protoctista or Primigenal.  He 
considers "mineral" to be one of the kingdoms.  I 
have a pdf copy of this paper should anyone be 
interested in reading it.

Hogg, J. 1860. On the distinctions of a plant and 
an animal, and on a fourth kingdom of nature. The 
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 12:216-225 
(+ Plate III).

Robert Andersen



>
>Diana,
>    I am looking at Thomas Cavier-Smith's (1998) 
>"A revised six-kingdom system of life" (Biol. 
>Reviews, 73:203-266).  He shows Fungi Linnaeus, 
>1753; Animalia Linnaeus, 1758; and Plantae 
>Haeckel, 1866.   So that is three of them.
>
>     He doesn't use Monera, but rather Kingdom 
>Bacteria Cohn, 1870.  He doesn't use Protista or 
>Protoctista either, since he divides them among 
>Protozoa, Chromista, and Plantae.  I personally 
>prefer Protista (many people do), and I believe 
>that was also from Haeckel, 1866.  Protoctista 
>was named by Margulis herself, in the 1970's as 
>I recall.  An ugly name in my opinion, and 
>people often get the spelling wrong.  For what 
>it's worth, my personal preference for the five 
>kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Eumycota, 
>Metaphyta, and Metazoa.
>    ----Cheers,
>            Ken Kinman
>********************************
>>From: Diana Hernández <dhernand at xolo.conabio.gob.mx>
>>To: Taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
>>Subject: [Taxacom] authorities of kingdoms of life
>>Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2007 14:26:06 -0600
>>
>>Dear collegues,
>>A very basic question:
>>Does anybody know the authorities for each kingdom of those
>>considered by Margulis & Schwartz, 1985:
>>Protoctista
>>Monera
>>Fungi
>>Plantae
>>Animalia
>>
>>And if there is any publication where this is established?
>>
>>Thanks in advance
>>
>>Diana Hernandez
>>
>>
>
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