[Taxacom] unflagged classification change question

Wed Jun 13 02:27:17 CDT 2018

The two main Codes of nomenclature have arisen
as a codification of good nomenclatural practice.
The nomenclatural practice was there first, but
this does not mean it is a one-way street: a Code
shapes nomenclatural practice as well. When a
Code and its nomenclatural practice diverge, (at
least) one of them must adjust itself, but it is not
necessarily the Code that must change.

The Glossary leaves no doubt that it regards
combinations as available names ("available name
= A scientific name [...]" with "scientific name" defined
as a trinomen, binomen, generic name, etc).

The Preamble is also clear "The objects of the Code are
to promote stability and universality in the scientific names
of animals and to ensure that the name of each taxon is
unique and distinct. All its provisions and recommendations
are subservient to those ends [...]": the zoological Code is
focused on scientific names (with "scientific name" defined
as a trinomen, binomen, generic name, etc).

Article 10 to 20 mostly use "name", which, going by the
Glossary, can mean the binomen as easily as the specific
name. Where a species-group name is meant, Article 10
to 20 explicitly state this.

So, there are plenty of grounds to argue that combinations
are a matter of nomenclature, although they obviously
express a taxonomic viewpoint.

Paul

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Francisco Welter-Schultes" <fwelter at gwdg.de>
To: <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
Sent: Tuesday, June 12, 2018 9:46 PM
Subject: Re: [Taxacom] unflagged classification change question

> The zoological Code as we have it now is not always a good guideline.
>
> Recommendation 51G is indeed a curious detail. Looks like a relict from
> botany. Recommendations are not part of the Code, so this can be ignored.
> In fact this is what zoologists do. Nobody in zoology seems to apply it.
> In the Code's Glossary we have a definition for a "new combination": "The
> first combination of a generic name and a previously established
> species-group name. " This has has no corresponding provisions in the Code
> and seems to contradict Art. 7 by which the provisions of published work
> are not required for taxonomically relevant information. So, strongly
> interpreted, if someone combined a specific name for the first time with a
> genus on a museum label in a private collection, this needs to be cited.
> Not a very intelligent system.
>
> Sometimes taxonomic combinations do have nomenclatural relevance. For
> example in Art. 23.9.5 it is necessary to see if two species were
> considered congeneric after 1899. Following Art. 7 this can only apply to
> published work in the sense of the Code.
> The general problem in this Article is that the zoological science has
> always allowed various different opinions, and that there never existed an
> officially approved taxonomy at every single point in the timeline.
>
> Francisco
>
> Am 12.06.2018 um 19:34 schrieb Paul van Rijckevorsel:
>> Zoologists tend to be divided as to what a "name" is.
>> The zoological Code is not quite internally consistent.
>>
>> But Article 5.1 clearly states that "The scientific name
>> of a species [...] is a combination of [a] generic name
>> and [a] specific name." Thus, the whole binomen is
>> a matter of nomenclature.
>>
>> Also, Recommendation 51G provides for citing the
>> author responsible for the recombination.
>>
>> Paul
>>
>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Francisco Welter-Schultes"
>> <fwelter at gwdg.de>
>> To: "Paul Kirk" <P.Kirk at kew.org>; "Stephen Thorpe"
>> <stephen_thorpe at yahoo.co.nz>; <taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>> Sent: Tuesday, June 12, 2018 5:46 PM
>> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] unflagged classification change question
>>
>>
>>> This is the difference between taxonomy and nomenclature. Placing a
>>> specific name in whichever genus is taxonomy and has no nomenclatural
>>> relevance in zoology. In botany this is different, as Stephen said. Most
>>> people don't know that, but this does not change it.
>>>
>>> Cheers
>>> Francisco
>>>
>>> Am 12.06.2018 um 15:30 schrieb Paul Kirk:
>>>> Francisco, are you saying that a change in name is not 'nomenclaturally
>>>> relevant information'? If so, I would respectfully suggest that most
>>>> individuals of the species Homo sapiens would disagree with this.
>>>>
>>>> Regards,
>>>>
>>>> Paul
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu> On Behalf Of
>>>> Francisco Welter-Schultes
>>>> Sent: 12 June 2018 14:26
>>>> To: Stephen Thorpe <stephen_thorpe at yahoo.co.nz>;
>>>> taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
>>>> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] unflagged classification change question
>>>>
>>>> It depends. If Smith published a well elaborated taxonomic work with
>>>> high impact then Option C "ignoring" is a bad option.
>>>> As Mike said, authors of papers dealing with ecology, conservation or
>>>> economy are often not up to date with current trends in taxonomy. Helix
>>>> aspersa is mostly classified in the genus Helix, in hundreds of
>>>> publications each year, though most taxonomists have since long
>>>> preferred to place it in the genus Cornu. If I place aspersa in the
>>>> genus Cornu in a taxonomic work I do not need to justify that, and I
>>>> can ignore that 100 molecular genetical publications of high impact
>>>> journals in the last two weeks have called this species Helix aspersa.
>>>> If I select Helix as its current genus in a taxonomic work I should
>>>> explain and justify my choice.
>>>>
>>>> Zoology is not botany. The criteria of publication apply only to
>>>> nomenclaturally relevant information. Anything that contains only
>>>> taxonomically relevant information does not need to be published in the
>>>> sense of the ICZN Code. The unpublished works (internet pages, web
>>>> interfaces of online databases etc.) however must also follow the rules
>>>> of forming and citing the zoological names.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers
>>>> Francisco
>>>>
>>>> Am 12.06.2018 um 02:34 schrieb Stephen Thorpe:
>>>>> Francisco said: Option C is also an option
>>>>>
>>>>> "An option", certainly, but a bad one! By ignoring and not citing
>>>>> Smith, it looks like you have overlooked Smith's publication! Some
>>>>> people will think (erroneously, but nevertheless) that you have
>>>>> overlooked the "fact" that the "species" has been reinstated from
>>>>> synonymy! As a general rule, always cite anything that you disagree
>>>>> with!
>>>>>
>>>>> The issue in zoology with combinations and synonyms is messy, compared
>>>>> with botany. I now much prefer the approach in botany. In botany,
>>>>> combinations and synonymies are formal nomenclatural acts which must
>>>>> be published according to the botanical code. It still doesn't mean
>>>>> that such acts have to be followed, but it makes it a lot easier to
>>>>> keep track of the different published options.
>>>>>
>>>>> Stephen
>>>>>
>>>>> --------------------------------------------
>>>>> On Tue, 12/6/18, Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] unflagged classification change question
>>>>> To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
>>>>> Received: Tuesday, 12 June, 2018, 12:26 PM
>>>>> Option C is also an option. Your
>>>>> reaction should depend on the
>>>>> particular
>>>>> significance and impact of Smith's publication.
>>>>> I find myself in agreement with Mike and
>>>>> Stephen.
>>>>> Being classified
>>>>> as a junior synonym of another name is not an official
>>>>> status that a name has. Every classification is
>>>>> always a subjective
>>>>> judgement. Terms like
>>>>> "new synonym" or "new combination" may
>>>>> erroneously
>>>>> suggest that we are dealing
>>>>> with an official act. To avoid such
>>>>> misunderstandings I usually do not recommend
>>>>> employing such terms at
>>>>> all. They are not
>>>>> necessary and have the effect of blurring the
>>>>> difference between nomenclature and
>>>>> taxonomy.
>>>>> If I place Canis lupus in the
>>>>> genus Homo this will produce a name Homo
>>>>> lupus. I do not know if somebody did that
>>>>> before, published, unpublished
>>>>> in a museum
>>>>> catalog, or in the internet. Taxonomic treatments do not
>>>>> need to be published. So actually I would not
>>>>> be able to say for sure
>>>>> that my idea was
>>>>> new.
>>>>> Francisco
>>>>> -----
>>>>> Francisco Welter-Schultes
>>>>> Am 11.06.2018 um 23:06 schrieb Stephen
>>>>> Thorpe:
>>>>> > Hi Derek,
>>>>> >
>>>>> I'm deliberately answering your question before reading
>>>>> the replies by others, so as to give you an independent
>>>>> response.
>>>>> > The obvious answer to your
>>>>> question is simply to explain the situation in the
>>>>> publication as you explained it in the Taxacom post and just
>>>>> say that you consider the synonymy to be correct, so, in the
>>>>> absence of any explanation by Smith for treating it again as
>>>>> a valid species, you are continuing to treat it as a
>>>>> synonym. Note that synonymy isn't a formal nomenclatural
>>>>> act in zoology, so there is no sense in which Smith
>>>>> "has made it a valid species again". It is simply
>>>>> a valid species in his opinion, and although everyone is
>>>>> entitled to their opinion, nobody is obliged to follow.
>>>>> > I hope this helps (and I apologise in
>>>>> advance for any repetition of what others may have
>>>>> replied),
>>>>> > Cheers,
>>>>> >
>>>>> Stephen
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> --------------------------------------------
>>>>> > On Tue, 12/6/18, Derek Sikes <dssikes at alaska.edu>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> Subject: [Taxacom] unflagged classification change
>>>>> question
>>>>> > To: "taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu"
>>>>> <Taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
>>>>> > Received: Tuesday, 12 June, 2018, 6:52
>>>>> AM
>>>>> >
>>>>> > All,
>>>>> >
>>>>> > For those of
>>>>> you who keep track of one
>>>>> > or more
>>>>> taxonomic classifications on
>>>>> > which
>>>>> you are an authority...
>>>>> >
>>>>> > I'd like to know how you'd
>>>>> react to the
>>>>> > following (all
>>>>> too-realistic)
>>>>> > hypothetical
>>>>> scenario:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> *You find a publication by Smith in
>>>>> >
>>>>> which a species name that you feel had
>>>>> > been justifiably made a junior
>>>>> synonym
>>>>> > some years earlier, was
>>>>> treated as a
>>>>> > valid species with no
>>>>> explanation for
>>>>> > the change. *
>>>>> >
>>>>> > In the next
>>>>> publication you produce on
>>>>> > the group
>>>>> do you:
>>>>> >
>>>>> > A)
>>>>> list it as a valid species citing
>>>>> >
>>>>> Smith's publication
>>>>> >
>>>>> > B) re-synonymize it, cite Smith, and
>>>>> > explain that there was no evidence
>>>>> > offered by Smith for the change
>>>>> >
>>>>> > C) ignore
>>>>> (don't cite) Smith and list
>>>>> > it
>>>>> as a junior synonym
>>>>> >
>>>>> > D) something else? (& for this
>>>>> > hypothetical, imagine Smith recently
>>>>> died)
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>> > Derek
>>>>> >
>>>>> > --
>>>>> >
>>>>> > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>>> > Derek S. Sikes, Curator of Insects
>>>>> > Associate Professor of Entomology
>>>>> > University of Alaska Museum
>>>>> > 1962 Yukon Drive
>>>>> >
>>>>> Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960
>>>>> >
>>>>> > dssikes at alaska.edu
>>>>> >
>>>>> > phone:
>>>>> 907-474-6278
>>>>> > FAX: 907-474-5469
>>>>> >
>>>>> > University of
>>>>> Alaska Museum
>>>>> > - search 400,276
>>>>> digitized arthropod records
>>>>> >
>>>>> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Farctos.database.museum%2Fuam_ento_all&data=02%7C01%7Cp.kirk%40kew.org%7C8ad3fc36dcc744bae93508d5d0680b93%7C44892b45194046119753a4b3be4ea7fe%7C0%7C0%7C636644067659201568&sdata=C0G92EPsLUzsdr7iMAPA6QaJvyWQZ4XKkiCgJQcH2mY%3D&reserved=0
>>>>> >
>>>>> <https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaf.edu%2Fmuseum%2Fcollections%2Fento%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cp.kirk%40kew.org%7C8ad3fc36dcc744bae93508d5d0680b93%7C44892b45194046119753a4b3be4ea7fe%7C0%7C0%7C636644067659201568&sdata=m76JWpPUOERpt9DuqEFa31xNiUSZmlAAc0EXknCGADE%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>> > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Interested in
>>>>> Alaskan Entomology? Join
>>>>> > the Alaska
>>>>> Entomological
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