[Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes fortheforthcomingInternational Botanical Congress
Paul Kirk
p.kirk at cabi.org
Wed Jul 6 11:26:00 CDT 2011
Indeed ... but I (a mycologist) am lead to believe that the 'important' names - outside systematics - in the '1200 name clade' are assessed as more important not to change than the 'important' names - outside systematics - in the '160 name clade'.
Names are used to communicate. Of those who communicate using scientific names, the group most capable of 'dealing with' name changes are taxonomists, users outside taxonomy are, imho, less able to deal with name changes ... partly because they use them significantly less that taxonomists
Paul
________________________________________
From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu [taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] on behalf of Pierre Deleporte [pierre.deleporte at univ-rennes1.fr]
Sent: 06 July 2011 16:55
To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
Subject: Re: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes fortheforthcomingInternational Botanical Congress
from a complete ignorant:
what if most of the 1,600 names were seldom cited,
while some among the 160 names were intensively used in the literature
(scientific and else)?
I presume that the "potential trouble" concerns the effective past and
current use of names
[rather than the number of names per se?]...
Pierre
Le 06/07/2011 17:35, John Grehan a écrit :
> So does this mean that there are 1,600 species that would no longer be
> Acacia (presumably because they are more closely related to other taxa)
> and would therefore have to have a new generic assignment, and so it is
> being proposed that the name Acacia be assigned to a different type for
> this new group?
>
> John Grehan
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Paul Kirk [mailto:p.kirk at cabi.org]
> Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2011 9:40 AM
> To: John Grehan; taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: RE: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes
> fortheforthcomingInternational Botanical Congress
>
> Preamble
>
> 1. "... . This Code aims at the provision of a stable method of naming
> taxonomic groups, avoiding and rejecting the use of names which may
> cause error or ambiguity or throw science into confusion. ..."
>
> the original type has been changed by a nomenclatural process called
> conservation ... so that 160 names change rather than 1200 ... for what
> has been argued as the solution promoting name stability
>
> Paul
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> [mailto:taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] On Behalf Of John Grehan
> Sent: 06 July 2011 14:34
> To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes forthe
> forthcomingInternational Botanical Congress
>
> Thanks. So what is the argument about over whether the name Acacia
> should be used for Australian or African-American species of Acacia? Why
> is it not simply a case that the monophyletic group with the type name
> is the one that would retain the Acacia label?
>
> John Grehan
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Thiele, Kevin [mailto:Kevin.Thiele at dec.wa.gov.au]
> Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2011 9:16 AM
> To: John Grehan; taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: RE: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes forthe
> forthcomingInternational Botanical Congress
>
> There is wide agreement that Acacia sens. lat. is non-monophyletic,
> comprising several discrete clades that are separated within the
> mimosoids. In this sense it's a classic example of a polyphyletic group,
> in the commonly understood sense of the word.
>
> Note that the first indication that it is not a monophyletic group came
> from morphological and anatomical studies beginning in the 1970s. These
> have since been amply confirmed by molecular studies.
>
> Cheers - Kevin
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> [mailto:taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] On Behalf Of John Grehan
> Sent: Wednesday, 6 July 2011 8:27 PM
> To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes forthe forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress
>
> I'm not a botanical taxonomist so I am not familiar with the state of
> affairs concerning Acacia. I note that it is said that "The large,
> cosmopolitan genus Acacia sens. lat. is now widely recognized to be
> para- or polyphyletic, comprising five distinct clades, each of which is
> now treated as a distinct genus."
>
> Could someone clarify the above. What is the uncertainty about whether
> Acacia is paraphyletic or polyphylectic? If there is uncertainty, why
> the rush to change the taxonomy? I presume in my ignorance, that if
> paraphyletic, Acacia as currently construed does not include some other
> group under another genus (in which case one might just expand Acacia to
> include that group), or if polyphyletic, that one or more groups within
> Acacia are more closely related to another group and if that is the
> case, do such group/s include the type? So what is really the issue here
> - paraphyly or polyphyly?
>
> And is this drive for changing things driven by molecular incongruence
> with morphological systematics of Acacia?
>
> I will be interested in some clarification from those involved with
> Acacia systematics and taxonomy.
>
> John Grehan
>
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> [mailto:taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] On Behalf Of Paul Kirk
> Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2011 3:49 AM
> To: Thiele, Kevin; taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes forthe forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress
>
> ditto ...
>
> Preamble
>
> 1. "... . This Code aims at the provision of a stable method of naming
> taxonomic groups, avoiding and rejecting the use of names which may
> cause error or ambiguity or throw science into confusion. ..."
>
> nuff said?
>
> In haste,
>
> Paul
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> [mailto:taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] On Behalf Of Thiele, Kevin
> Sent: 06 July 2011 08:44
> To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: [Taxacom] FW: Call for proxy votes for the forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress
>
> Hi Michael,
>
> with all respect, that's exactly what the conservation provisions in the
> Code are designed for - there are many more species of Acacia in
> Australia than in Africa+America, and hence conserving the name with an
> Australian type greatly reduces the global number of name changes
> required - surely a good thing on balance.
>
> Cheers - Kevin
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> [mailto:taxacom-bounces at mailman.nhm.ku.edu] On Behalf Of Michael Heads
> Sent: Wednesday, 6 July 2011 1:50 PM
> To: taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu
> Subject: Re: [Taxacom] Call for proxy votes for the forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress
>
> Hi Kevin,
>
> With all respect, I don't think these are 'complex matters'. Africa had
> the type and Australia grabbed it. They justified this because they have
> more species in it, i.e. for no reason at all.
>
> Michael Heads
>
> Wellington, New Zealand.
>
> My papers on biogeography are at: http://tiny.cc/RiUE0
>
> --- On Wed, 6/7/11, Thiele, Kevin<Kevin.Thiele at dec.wa.gov.au> wrote:
>
>
> From: Thiele, Kevin<Kevin.Thiele at dec.wa.gov.au>
> Subject: [Taxacom] Call for proxy votes for the forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress
> To: "taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu"<taxacom at mailman.nhm.ku.edu>
> Received: Wednesday, 6 July, 2011, 5:30 PM
>
>
> A very important issue will be debated and decided at the forthcoming
> International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in a little over a week,
> brought to the fore by questions around the application of the name
> Acacia.
>
> You may know that Acacia nomenclature has generated a lot of controversy
> in the taxonomic, nomenclatural and wider community. Essentially, an
> argument has developed over whether the name Acacia should be used for
> Australian or African-American species of Acacia sens. lat. At the last
> Congress in Vienna a decision was taken to retain the name for
> Australia. Since then, a vocal group hostile to this decision has
> campaigned to have the it reversed at the Melbourne Congress. In
> essence, they are seeking to have the process used in Vienna declared
> invalid and hence set aside.
>
> The votes that will be taken on this issue have much wider implications
> than simply a resolution of the Acacia issue, possibly including
> far-reaching consequences for the future conduct of botanical
> nomenclature. This email is to encourage institutions that are unable to
> attend the Melbourne IBC Nomenclature Section meeting to consider being
> represented there by proxy. It may well be that proxy votes are critical
> for many of the votes that will be taken there.
>
> If you have an interest in this matter, agree with the position outlined
> below, and would like to have your vote counted, please consider casting
> a proxy vote at the Melbourne IBC (note that only institutions may cast
> proxy votes). Details on how to do this are at the end of the email
> below.
>
> Apologies for the length of this email, but these are somewhat complex
> matters. Note that the Melbourne Nomenclature Section meeting is a
> little over a week away, so if you are convinced after reading this that
> the issue is important, please act without delay.
>
> If you're still interested, please read on.
>
> Regards
>
> Kevin Thiele
> Curator, Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH)
>
>
> Background
>
> The five sections below provide (1) a summary of the original proposal
> to conserve Acacia, (2) a summary of the events in Vienna and the
> subsequent controversy and opposing positions, (3) an outline of the
> potential negative consequences of the proposed Melbourne challenge to
> the Vienna decision, (4) an outline of the process for casting proxy
> votes and (5) links to the most important references for further reading
> on both sides of the debate.
>
> 1. The conservation of Acacia with a conserved type
>
> The large, cosmopolitan genus Acacia sens. lat. is now widely recognized
> to be para- or polyphyletic, comprising five distinct clades, each of
> which is now treated as a distinct genus. Two of these clades are
> relevant to the current debate. One is a large, predominantly Australian
> group of 1021 species, the other is a smaller, pan-tropical group
> comprising 163 species in Africa, Asia, the Americas and northern
> Australia.
>
> The historical type of Acacia, A. scorpioides (L.) W. Wight (= A.
> nilotica (L.) Delile), belongs to the smaller pan-tropical group, so if
> simple priority applied then the name Acacia would be retained for this
> group.
>
> In 2003, a proposal to conserve Acacia with a new type, the Australian
> species A. penninervis, was published (Orchard& Maslin, 2003). The
> proposal was made on the grounds of nomenclatural stability, as required
> by the Code. Central to the proponents' arguments was that conserving
> Acacia with a type from the much larger Australian group would be least
> disruptive globally because many fewer names would need to be changed.
> They also argued that a number of Australian species of Acacia are
> significant environmental weeds while others form the basis of large,
> global, economically important industries in timber and other products
> and that these industries would be substantially disadvantaged by a name
> change in their literature and marketed products. See Orchard& Maslin
> (2003) for additional arguments supporting the case.
>
> Acceptance of the Orchard& Maslin proposal would mean that the 163
> pan-tropical species would be called Vachellia while the 1021 mostly
> Australian species would continue to be called Acacia; its rejection
> would retain the name Acacia for the pan-tropical species while
> requiring the adoption of the name Racosperma for the Australian
> species.
>
> In brief, conservation proposals such as this one are handled in the
> following steps:
>
> (1). A proposal to conserve a name is published in Taxon.
> (2). The Committee for Vascular Plants (formerly called the Committee
> for Spermatophyta) considers the proposal, seeks submissions, and
> eventually votes on whether to support it or not. A 60% majority vote in
> favour is needed for the proposal to go to the next step.
> (3). The General Committee of the IBC, after considering the Committee
> for Vascular Plant's report, votes on whether to accept it or not. A 60%
> majority vote in favour is needed for the proposal to go to the next
> step.
> (4). The Nomenclature Section of the IBC, after considering the General
> Committee's report, votes on whether to accept it or not. If accepted,
> the Nomenclature Section includes the proposal in a Resolution submitted
> to the final Plenary Session of the Congress.
> (5). If the Nomenclature Section's Resolution is approved by the
> Plenary, all included amendments and proposals are adopted in the
> International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and its Appendices.
>
> In the Acacia case, the proposal was considered by the Committee for
> Spermatophyta and the General Committee, both of which voted to support
> it by the required 60% majority. Accordingly, the General Committee
> reported to the Nomenclature Section of the Vienna Congress and
> recommended that the proposal be accepted. The Chairman of the Committee
> for Spermatophyta published the reasons why that committee voted in
> support of the proposal (see Brummitt 2004).
>
> 2. The Vienna IBC, and the controversy since
>
> The Report of the General Committee regarding Acacia was presented on
> the last day of the Nomenclature Section meeting in Vienna. Before
> considering the matter, the President of the Section recommended that,
> because both Committees who had previously considered this proposal had
> passed it with a required supermajority of 60%, a 60% vote against would
> be required to reject the General Committee's report and recommendation.
> This recommendation was accepted by the meeting without dissent.
> Following a lengthy debate, 54% of votes were cast to reject the General
> Committee's decision; as this was less than the required 60% majority,
> the Committee's decision was not rejected. Subsequently, at the final
> plenary session of the Congress, the decisions of the Nomenclature
> Section, including the decision on Acacia, were ratified by a large
> majority, and Acacia was listed as conserved with A. penninervis as the
> conserved type in the Vienna Code.
>
> Since Vienna, opponents of the decision taken at that meeting have
> raised a number of objections, principally to the process followed in
> Vienna rather than against the original proposal. In particular, they
> have argued that the requirement at the meeting for a 60% supermajority
> vote to reject the General Committee's report was unacceptable and an
> example of "minority rule". They have also argued a number of
> nomenclatural matters regarding the applicability of various Code
> articles in this case. See Moore et al. (2010) for further reading.
>
> Supporters of the Vienna process, including people who voted both for
> and against the issue at that meeting, have argued that the process was
> proper and that the decision should stand. They have pointed out that
> the two specialist Committees appointed by IAPT to consider such
> proposals both approved and recommended the proposal, and have argued
> that the Nomenclature Section meeting should not be able to overturn
> their recommendations with a simple majority. McNeill& Turland (2010)
> recommended that the correct way forward for those objecting to the
> Vienna outcome would be to submit a new proposal for the conservation of
> Acacia for consideration at Melbourne IBC. However, this recommendation
> has not been taken up and the scene is now set for a robust debate in
> Melbourne.
>
> A more detailed synopsis of the above matters is provided in Thiele et
> al. (2011).
>
> 3. Why the Melbourne vote matters
>
> The challenge to the Vienna vote is a challenge to an established
> process that has until now worked well. Both Committees were convinced
> largely by the sheer weight-of-numbers argument in the original
> proposal: if rejected,>1000 species would need to be renamed; if
> accepted, only c. 160 species would need to be renamed (the remaining
> species in Acacia s.l. need to be renamed anyway). The Committees
> considered the matter very carefully, calling for submissions and
> weighing all arguments both for and against, exactly what they were
> established to do. That both decided in favour of the proposal indicates
> that it was properly conceived, well-supported and was, they felt, in
> the best interests of global nomenclature.
>
> However, there are also larger issues at stake here. An important
> contention of those seeking to overturn the Vienna decision is that
> procedures adopted by the 2005 Nomenclature Session meeting were deeply
> flawed. In particular, they object to the requirement for a
> supermajority (60%) to reject the General Committee report; they have
> proposed instead that Melbourne and subsequent Congresses should require
> a supermajority to accept a General Committee report (a reversal of the
> Vienna process) and that the Code should be amended to mandate this. I
> regard that this is a dangerous idea for several reasons:
>
> (1). It would create a perverse imbalance between proposals to amend the
> Code and proposals to conserve or reject names. Effectively, proposals
> such as that on Acacia must pass two steep hurdles before reaching the
> Nomenclature Session. Requiring a further supermajority to accept a
> Committee report adds a third hurdle. By comparison, proposals to amend
> the Code itself face only a single hurdle (the Nomenclature Session vote
> itself). This would be a perverse outcome, given that proposals to amend
> the Code are often much more important than proposals to conserve or
> reject names.
>
> (2). It changes the intent of the Code on a matter that has been agreed
> for the last half-century. The Code clearly devolves some responsibility
> for deciding proposals on conservation and rejection to the Committees.
> It recommends that authors should follow existing usage of names until
> the General Committee reports (Recommendation 14A.1), then should
> commence using the name as approved by the General Committee "subject to
> the decision of a later International Botanical Congress" (Art. 14.14).
> This clearly assumes that the Congress is very likely to endorse the
> Committees' recommendations. If the intent of the Code were that the
> Congress has all the power over such proposals and the Committees are of
> little importance, it would require authors to follow existing usage
> until the Congress itself mandates the change and not before. Hence, the
> proposal to overturn the Vienna process is a proposal to change the
> clear intent of the Code.
>
> (3). It will create nomenclatural uncertainty and confusion. The Code
> seeks to create stability and to reduce uncertainty in these matters,
> especially in the years between Congresses. If the three-hurdle system
> is introduced, it will become much easier for disenchanted and vocal
> groups to overturn Committees' recommendations at Nomenclature Session
> meetings, creating great uncertainty for the (up to 6 years) between a
> General Committee decision and the following Congress.
>
> There is a danger that, in order to get the desired result on Acacia,
> some at the Congress will seek to establish a process and perhaps to
> amend the Code in a way that is deleterious for nomenclature. I believe
> that the nomenclatural process we have and which worked well in Vienna,
> should be supported against these moves.
>
> 4. What you can do about it
>
> Votes at the Nomenclature Section may be cast by registered delegates
> and by institutions represented by registered delegates. Delegates may
> also carry to the meeting and cast proxy votes from recognized
> institutions that have been assigned votes. If your institution is not
> able to send any delegates to the Melbourne Nomenclature Section and if
> you would like to send a proxy vote, in order to have your say on this
> issue, there are two main alternatives. You may contact a colleague who
> will be there and assign your proxy vote to them (individual delegates
> may carry up to 15 votes including their own). If you prefer, please
> feel free to respond to this email, and I can arrange for a carrier for
> your proxy vote. Proxies provided for this purpose would be deployed
> only for those votes directly relevant to the Acacia issue.
>
> Note that you will need to provide anyone carrying your proxy vote with
> either a statement on your institution's letterhead to that effect, or
> the completed proxy notification form that each herbarium should have
> received, notifying them of their voting entitlement.
>
> Again, if you are convinced after reading this that the issue is
> important and wish to assign your proxy votes, please act without delay.
>
> 5. Further reading
>
> If you would like to read further on this issue, I suggest the following
> key papers:
>
> Orchard& Maslin (2003) - the original proposal to conserve Acacia with
> an Australian type
> http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2003/00000052/00000002/ar
> t00031
>
> Brummitt (2004) - report of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee
> regarding the proposal
> http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2004/00000053/00000003/ar
> t00022
>
> Moore et al (2010) - the principal paper for the case against the Vienna
> decision
> http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2010/00000059/00000004/ar
> t00017
>
> Thiele et al (2011) - the principal paper for the case supporting the
> Vienna decision
> http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2011/00000060/00000001/ar
> t00017
>
> McNeil& Turland (2010) - paper from the Nomenclature Bureau of the
> Vienna meeting supporting its process
> http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2010/00000059/00000002/ar
> t00026
>
>
>
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