Toxic toad evolves

[Monique Reed]

No one has done a definitive study, but I have noticed that over the last twenty years here in Central Texas, several of our most aggressive introduced weeds have changed.   Rapistrum rugosum (Brassicaceae) and two species of Ligustrum, L. sinense and L. quihoui now commonly flower in the fall as well as in the spring.  With two reproductive periods per year, they can be twice as nasty.

Monique Reed
Biology Dept.
Texas A&M