Lichen Red List

Tue Jan 16 13:07:51 CST 1996

>
> >From cliff Wed Jan  3 13:46:00 1996
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> To:lichens-l at hawaii.edu
> From:"Dr. Clifford Smith" <cliff at hawaii.edu>
> Subject: Questionnaire for Lichenologists
> Message-Id: <96Jan3.134557hst.11472(1)@relay1.Hawaii.Edu> Date:Wed, 3 Jan 1996
> 13:45:57 -1000
>
> Tsukuba 4 December 1995
>
> Dear Lichenologist,
>
>
> The IAL Committee for Conservation of Lichens (ICCL) was set up during the
> second IAL symposium in B=E5stad, Sweden in 1992.  The Committee became a
> Specialist Group under the umbrella of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) at
> IUCN in 1994.  In December 1993 a constitution and policy document together with
> a questionnaire was distributed to all IAL members.  The questionnaire included
> questions to find out the status of lichens and their habitats on a global
> scale.  The response from lichenologists from all over the world was
> overwhelming with 76 replies from 40 countries.  The information from the
> questionnaires was evaluated by G. Thor and P. Wolseley and presented at the
> Fifth Mycological Congress in Vancouver 1994 at a contributed Symposium,
> "Lichens - a strategy for conservation".  The result from this symposium and
> some other contributions are now in press and all of you who spent considerable
> tine answering the questionnaires will soon get this publication as a small
> token of our appreciation.
>
>
> The next step for the committee is to make a first proposal of a global Red
> List.  In order to do that, we urgently need YOUR help once again and enclose a
> new questionnaire which is sent to all IAL members.  Please send the
> questionnaire to other people in different regions who may be able to provide
> more information.  The data will hopefully be presented at the IAL 3 meeting in
> Salzburg.
>
> We are fully aware that the state of our knowledge concerning threatened species
> of lichen varies considerably in different regions of the world and in different
> groups of lichens but we still hope that the Red List will include species from
> all Continents as well as from different taxonomic groups and habitats.  We also
> realize that highly probably many species exist which are equally or more
> seriously threatened, which will be overlooked in this list.  The Red List is
> not meant to be comprehensive, we hope to nominate about 50 - 100 species to
> help us learn the process, refine the nomination process, improve criteria for
> listening, assist us in developing an action plan etc.
>
> Please return the completed questionnaire, with extra sheets if necessary, as
> soon as possible, and at the latest by March 15 1996 to G. Thor, to allow time
> to process the information.
>
> Thank you for your cooperation.
>
> On behalf of ICCL
>
>
>
> G=F6ran Thor
> c/o Kashiwadani
> Department of Botany
> National Science Museum
> 1-1 Amakubo 4, Tsukuba
> Ibaraki 305
> Japan
> fax. (Japan)-298538401
>
> Address in Sweden: Swedish Threatened Species Unit, Swedish University of
> Agricultural Sciences,
> P.O. Box 7072, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
>
>
> CRITERIA FOR INCLUDED SPECIES
>
> All criteria given below should be fulfilled for the species proposed to be
> included in the Red List.  These criteria are important and we realize that
> relatively few of the actually extinct and threatened species will be included.
> However, in this first step towards a global Red List for lichens we only want
> to include species for which we have considerable information, and in a field as
> contentious as conservation biology, the scientific ethic can suffer if data are
> unreliable.
>
> A. The taxonomy, biology and distribution of the species must be clearly
> understood.  A species described >100 years ago, still only known from the
> type-material, and not studied or searched for recently should therefore be
> omitted.
>
> B. The species must be threatened or extinct on a world-wide scale.
>
> C. There must be considerable documentation showing that the species is
> threatened (even though not necessarily published).
>
> D. The species should be narrowly distributed, or known from few localities.
>
> E. The species should not be under-collected.  Even though all localities are
> rarely known for a species, it must be possible to approximate the total number
> of localities from the known localities, for example, by estimates of areas
> covered with similar habitats.
>
> The global Red List for lichens will include species which are Extinct (or
> extinct in the wild), Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable following
> the definitions by the new IUCN Red List categories 1994.  The definitions are
> given below but slightly shortened and aspects only applicable for animals have
> been excluded.  We lack information how to define lichen individuals, and for
> our purpose one thallus (or corresponding structural unit) is considered to be
> one individual.
>
> Reference:
> IUCN Red List categories 1994.  Prepared by IUCN Species survival Commission.
> IUCN. 21 pp.
>
>
> DEFINITION OF THE RFD LIST CATEGORIES
>  Extinct (or extinct in the wild): There is no reasonable doubt that the last
> individual has died (or has died in the wild).
>
> Critically Endangered:
>
> Any of the criteria in A - E should be fulfilled:
>
> A. Population reduction in the form of either of the following:=20
>       1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction=20
>          of at least 80% over the last 10 years.
>       2. A reduction of at least 80%, projected or suspected to =20
>          be met within the next 10 years.
>
> B. Occupied area estimated to be less than 10 km2.
>
> C. Population estimated to number less than 250 individuals, and the population
> size is expected to decline further.
>
> D. Population estimated to number less than 50 individuals.
>
> E. Quantitative analysis shows that the probability of extinction in the wild is
> at least 50% within 10 years.
>
>
>
>
> Endangered:
>
> Any of the criteria in A - E should be fulfilled:
> A. Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
>      1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction of at least
>
>         50% over the last 10 years.
>      2. A reduction of at least 50%, projected or suspected to be met within=
> =20
>         the next 10 years.
>
> B. Occupied area estimated to be less than 500 km2 and estimates indicating any
> two of the following:
>      1.Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than five=
>  locations.
>      2.Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected.
>
> C. Population estimated to number less than 2500 individuals and either:
>      1.An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within 5 years. 2.A
>      continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers=
>  of=20
>         individuals and population structures in the form of either: (a)severely
>         fragmented (no subpopulation estimated to contain more=
>  than=20
>            250 individuals)
>         (b)all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
>
> D. Population estimated to number less than 250 individuals.
>
> E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at
> least 20% within 20 years.
>
>
> Vulnerable:
> Any of the criteria in A - E should be fulfilled:
>
> A. Population reduction in the form of either of the following:
>      1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected reduction of at least
>
>         20% over the last 10 years.
>      2.A reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected to be met within= =20
>         the next 10 years.
>
> B. Occupied area estimated to be less than 2000 km2 and estimates indicating any
> two of the following:
>      1. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 10 locations
>      2.Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected.
>
> C. Population estimated to number less than 10000 individuals and either:
>      1. An estimated continuing decline of at least 10% within 10 years. 2. A
>      continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers=
>  of=20
>         individuals and population structures in the form of either: (a)
>         severely fragmented (no subpopulation estimated to contain more=
> =20
>             than 1000 individuals)
>         (b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
>
> D. Population very small or restricted in the form of either of the=
>  following:
>      1. Population estimated to number less than 1000 individuals. 2. Population
>      is characterized by an acute restriction in its area of=
> =20
>         occupancy (typically less than 100 km2) or in the number of=
>  locations  =20
>         (typically less than 5).  Such a taxon would thus be prone to the = =20
>         effects of human activities (or stochastic events whose impact is=20
>         increased by human activities) within a very short period of tune in=
>  an=20
>         unforeseeable future, and is thus capable of becoming Critically=20
>         Endangered or even Extinct in a very short period.
>
> E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at
> least 10% within 100 years.
>
>
>
>
> INFORMATION CONCERNING GLOBALLY EXTINCT AND THREATENED LICHENS
>
> QUESTIONNAIRE
>
>
> In order to facilitate compilation of a data base, please answer all questions
> even where negative or unknown.  If you respond on separate sheets please
> specify question number.  You can propose as many species as you believe should
> be included in the list from the geographical area(s) or taxonomic group(s) you
> have knowledge.  The information will be assessed by the IAL Committee for
> Conservation of Lichens (ICCL) and then sent to all those who have provided
> information.
>
>
> 1. Name of species you are proposing?
>
> 2. Provide basionym and any subsequent synonymy.
>
>
> 3. Which Red List category would you like to propose for the species
> (Extinct/Critically Endangered/Endangered(Vulnerable)?
>
>
> 4. Which criterion in the definition of the Red List categories for the species
> is applicable?
>
>
> 5. Briefly describe its habitat.
>
>
> 6. Include detailed location of each current and lost population.
>
>
> 7. Estimation of still unknown number of localities.  Base your estimate on e.g.
> areas with similar habitats, and/or how many persons who have been searching for
> the species, and/or how long has the species been searched for, and/or how
> easily is it to determine the species in the field.
>
> 8. Name existing and probable threats to the species and the habitat, and the
> strength of the threats today as well as in the future.
>
> 9. Give references of some more important publications dealing with the species,
> especially if there is some reference dealing with the specific threats and
> conservation aspects (if possible enclose).
>
>
> Please return completed questionnaires to G=F6ran Thor, c/o Kashiwadani,
> Department of Botany,
> National Science Museum, 1-1 Amakubo 4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan (fax
> 81-298538401) by March 15 1996 to allow time for data processing.
>
> Please give your name and address, phone no, and fax no. if possible.
>
>
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