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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Thank you, Jean, I have major concerns about what is likely to happen to education in the United States. I have been scared this day would come, and now it’s here. Just to be clear--- I know
 this is a safe space and if people disagree, they will do so respectfully.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">One concern, which has been called “family choice” by allowing public funds to go to private schools, could potentially be a huge problem. Right now private schools are not regulated or require
 teachers or administrators to hold full teaching credentials. Unless private schools are regulated to ensure some quality, our children may be harmed academically and socially. Private schools are also not required to follow state standards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Another huge concern I have is that private schools can teach children to be ashamed of their sexual orientation, gender identity, sex, and race. One of the groups I have interacted with around
 banning books in schools wants to ban the book <b>Ruby Bridges</b>. When I questioned them as to why they wanted to ban this book, they said the teacher guide was problematic. First, they wanted to ban the book from libraries- I don't think teacher guides
 are even available for checking out. Second, I looked at the teacher guide, and it is very good.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">They can teach revisionist history with no way of anyone outside of the school even knowing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I think our students could be harmed significantly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I could go on, but I’ll leave it at that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Marc Markell<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Get <a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faka.ms%2Fo0ukef&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646307462%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=eisoEE0dbUbwUv6WrIbJAnW6M92FFLMLTNKdDIM3vvA%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://aka.ms/o0ukef" shash="V5pgMhVT+BPvRY5NVzQdEGHmokaQYL215SduBXKuyTxVzWI+qTqjhaz5uFSy9dHfdN67NoQUKBNuExsV8P093JRdoSKKWLlJRZn6NqMb3UCAZU+QXlNbXsmXxMPzO6d3gKtX55hCrXWBNT7EBYlqdzHII9clpzv1U7AqARlUHYU=">Outlook for iOS</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Simtrainer-l <simtrainer-l-bounces@lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Schumaker,
 Jean via Simtrainer-l <simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, November 7, 2024 12:17:37 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> SIMTRAINER-L <simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Simtrainer-l] FW: Project 2025 and its implications for special education</span>
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<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#003865">CAUTION:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#003865"> This e-mail originated from outside the Minnesota State System. Only click links or
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Hi all—As the holiday season approaches, I’m thrilled to see that pders are giving some workshops and teaching some courses that involve SIM programs. That’s wonderful! Thanks so much for all you are doing
 in your area to help the teachers and students!</span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I heard recently from Susan D’Anielo that she is working with a teacher who learned the writing strategies when she was a student, and now she is teaching the strategies to her students. Isn’t that terrific?!!
 The second generation of students (and maybe the third!) is benefitting from strategy instruction. This story made my day and maybe even my month!!  Please keep sending me stories!</span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Below is a document that summarizes Trump’s Project 2025 plan for education and special education. It’s very informative and has implications for our work together. Please let me know your thoughts about
 it.  With my best wishes and deep respect!  Jean</span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">John Wills Lloyd from Special Education Today <specialeducationtoday@substack.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, November 7, 2024 at 3:04</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">AM<br>
<b>To: </b>Schumaker, Jean <jschumak@ku.edu><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Project 2025 and its implications for special education</span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:1.0pt;color:#333333">What's in store for special education according to the policy paper?</span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Thanks, my friends, for your subscriptions. It’s wonderful to have your support for SET. Please “spread the word” by sharing!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in;line-height:27.0pt"><a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fapp-link%2Fpost%3Fpublication_id%3D388687%26post_id%3D151293641%26utm_source%3Dpost-email-title%26utm_campaign%3Demail-post-title%26isFreemail%3Dfalse%26r%3D3dpoo%26token%3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo1Njc4NjY0LCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNTEyOTM2NDEsImlhdCI6MTczMDk3MDI4NiwiZXhwIjoxNzMzNTYyMjg2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMzg4Njg3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.B7prxLHb5YBOrBI_keXUUptCFnoxfn0IXGEP1sLudIE&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646619976%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=RVOnw21epivhJa%2For4n8%2BCrsakCtBLRh%2FeTy6iycoSA%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=388687&post_id=151293641&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=false&r=3dpoo&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo1Njc4NjY0LCJwb3N0X2lkIjoxNTEyOTM2NDEsImlhdCI6MTczMDk3MDI4NiwiZXhwIjoxNzMzNTYyMjg2LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMzg4Njg3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.B7prxLHb5YBOrBI_keXUUptCFnoxfn0IXGEP1sLudIE" shash="Gs0j31FEtz8WskUCZOjBZir2micRHV+4GhpUdti9criQvUQvRe/E4I5HO7jTwdbMTrZleh7AdiCH+ZaMzguLE4J8rWuRcepowLULIcV26UkFVBrMXyFsdVUKRWsunIdqTymtKw27C8NgSb9FDR3/5Stp3JgSq/+r7sWAVJNlZ9w="><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737;text-decoration:none">Project
 2025 and its implications for special education</span></a><o:p></o:p></h1>
<h3 style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#777777;font-weight:normal">What's in store for special education according to the policy paper?</span><o:p></o:p></h3>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:15.0pt"><a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2F%40davidbateman916193&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646619976%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=u54Hs4QC18bFWkZhU9PHWECxzJSxkbXNscEqerm5uig%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://substack.com/@davidbateman916193" shash="Xk0Q6wf4HZfeVCUKR8iQiq4o4RNtSVdWBIyHGccAaJJzgZYcPqpSKI4x52p1jYKqQZHn0mgtdSjxLd6ZzIB17dxBoraycFZ86tTOxjpYm83+Lfx6jHyJDmxpYXTja2Dt/7vPl+gfzDeXRcRHZGZXq+rye1Q+ql3LeOt3bMgBMlQ="><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.15pt;text-decoration:none">David Bateman</span></a></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;display:none"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">Editor’s note:</span></strong><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737"> Given the results
 of the US presidential election of November 2024, it is appropriate and timely to revisit the proposals presented by a conservative policy organization known as Project 2025. When he debated Vice President Kamala Harris 10 September 2024, President-elect Donald
 J. Trump said, ““I have nothing to do with Project 2025. I haven’t read it. I don’t want to read it purposely. I’m not going to read it.” However, many political analysts expect those proposals will influence the in-coming presidential administration and members
 of the US Congress.</span></em></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">Previously here on Special Education Today, in the
</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fredirect%2Fc9c58107-41a4-4c2a-a944-da826e1ef409%3Fj%3DeyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646776226%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=cH7B%2FJ6V1wwN6xnRfqTJMWFr5As690XgtteBS9dLwbc%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://substack.com/redirect/c9c58107-41a4-4c2a-a944-da826e1ef409?j=eyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA" shash="ApbBHwvcLcv0jPA3dbrOb7ysa0kHH9yEpn+E6i7a0KBuaaozbKwZy7RdYf78wDXGyHktHjYDa3mMgebfMVmTYOBmOeViBERbC+eIp4ay8V26Xcd8HEjRxEGYkfTTt5pL2z/rwVm42mV1SxPjYL5gnWcgaYTvNPC40gdEbn6eDRY="><i><span style="color:#363737">Special
 Education Today newsletter 4(2)</span></i></a></span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737"> published 8 July 2024 and the post
</span></em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fredirect%2Fa03dd0f8-0494-44df-b901-c79385eaadfb%3Fj%3DeyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646932503%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IcHKc%2BXHJhmen%2BnirQBHekpzmErM62eBSJHLx3HibzY%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://substack.com/redirect/a03dd0f8-0494-44df-b901-c79385eaadfb?j=eyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA" shash="SCuJqBHZKtb8+uRx1oKzwqGwZK4JIIGTShum25A6WkNVqtARahlJkMsNI66b5USk9wGLMET0EyNzI8LrqlG/se9kc3RPGVl9KwYBQfJsrrso+VFOre2Nvh6VtyMWp+KdT1cn2AwLpUQQbhtvqigWgLJr//3Ah7OG65VHPXip8PQ="><i><span style="color:#363737">Another
 view on Project 2025</span></i></a></span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737"> published 23 July 2024, I discussed the proposals from Project 2025. In this post, David Bateman, Ph.D., focuses his legal acumen on
 the aspects of the Project 2025 proposals that have to do with special education.</span></em></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">For those who are keeping count (I am!), this is the 1100th post on SET!</span></em><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">—JohnL</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">The Heritage Foundation's "Project 2025," formally known as
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fredirect%2F2e4f14d1-1e7a-4ced-a30e-00f0116bc158%3Fj%3DeyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA&data=05%7C02%7Csimtrainer-l%40lists.ku.edu%7Ce5fbcc9d96b64db7c32008dd03618553%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638670439646932503%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=l9Hm%2BUdltqQ2hWtDlFsXqNDqxZ6uEZNFmZaRYGgaMJM%3D&reserved=0" originalSrc="https://substack.com/redirect/2e4f14d1-1e7a-4ced-a30e-00f0116bc158?j=eyJ1IjoiM2Rwb28ifQ.CX81dAYXdAdgjoODbs_lNu2DGS9vUMjSJpyKls0KaPA" shash="a+jnK/KC3kc+tXMQNH8n2EffQVgaZ62C0rrBHMAZZeDI/memHokqdK6N8rUX/v2Tv/yXYO9aotfyTgNkDv6ojvBbkXVlnaDwZgUz6EMkLow1XCYPeBnLZ/cdBNlL1xze+83BuyQcI8O70XtB49fhlSw+8G/ZKu9Sprf2+r6v2n8="><i><span style="color:#363737">Mandate for
 Leadership 2025: The Conservative Promise</span></i></a><span style="color:#363737"> (PDF), presents a detailed blueprint for policy changes that a future conservative presidential administration might pursue. This document reflects a desire to overhaul federal
 education policy significantly, with some parts focusing particularly on decentralizing control, promoting school choice, and reducing the federal government's role in education. The following is a more detailed expansion of the key points and implications
 from Chapter 12, authored by Lindsey M. Burke, focusing on the US Department of Education and special education.</span></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Photo of US Capital by
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<h3 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Key Points from Chapter 12: US Department of Education by Lindsey M. Burke</span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">1.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">Elimination of the Department of Education</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">a.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">       
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Federal Education Policy Limitation:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Advocates for minimal federal involvement in education.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">ii.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">The long-term goal is to abolish the federal Department of Education.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                    
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">iii.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Emphasis on empowering students and families rather than government agencies.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">b.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Diverse Educational Options:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Support for a variety of school types, including traditional public schools, private schools, charter schools, and home schooling.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">ii.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Postsecondary institutions should also reflect this diversity, with room for liberal arts colleges, research universities, faith-based institutions, career schools, military
 academies, and lifelong learning programs.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">2.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">Changes to the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS):</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">a.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">       
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Funding Redistribution:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Most IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) funding to be converted into block grants with fewer federal restrictions, distributed directly to local education
 agencies through the Health and Human Services' Administration for Community Living.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">b.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Program Transfers:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Transfer Vocational Rehabilitation Grants for Native American students to the Bureau of Indian Education.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">c.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">       
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Phasing Out Earmarks:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Gradually eliminate earmarked funding for specific institutions such as the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Special Olympics Funding, and the American Printing
 House for the Blind.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">d.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Enforcement of Disability Rights:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Move federal efforts to enforce disability discrimination laws, currently under OSERS, to the Department of Justice's Office for Civil Rights (OCR).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">3.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">Funding for Children with Disabilities:</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">a.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">       
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">IDEA Funding Portability:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Proposes allowing families to use their child's portion of IDEA funding for various educational expenses, akin to education savings accounts in states like Arizona and Florida.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">ii.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">The proposal includes options for private school tuition, educational therapies, personal tutors, and other learning resources.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">b.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">State-Level Education Options:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Highlighted states like Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Mississippi, South Carolina, and North Carolina that offer education savings accounts or K-12 private school scholarships
 for children with special needs.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">c.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">       
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Revising IDEA:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">i.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Suggests federal lawmakers move oversight of IDEA to the Department of Health and Human Services.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.5in;text-indent:-2.5in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">                                                                                                      
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">ii.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">           
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Considers revising IDEA to enhance parental choice and flexibility in how funds are used to support their child's education.</span></p>
<h3 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Implications for Special Education:</span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">The changes proposed for education in Project 2025 indicate a profound shift in the management and funding of special education
 They could have these implications:</span></p>
<h5 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt;line-height:13.9pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Decentralization and Block Grants:</span><o:p></o:p></h5>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Potential Benefits:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Increased flexibility for local education agencies to use funds in ways that best meet the needs of their students.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Potential for innovation in special education programs and services at the local level.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Potential Drawbacks:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Concerns about equitable distribution of resources, especially in less affluent areas.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Risk of inconsistency in the quality and availability of special education services across different regions.</span></p>
<h5 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt;line-height:13.9pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Transfer of Functions and Responsibilities:</span><o:p></o:p></h5>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Civil Rights Protections:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Moving enforcement of disability rights to the Department of Justice could streamline anti-discrimination efforts but might also distance these protections from the specialized
 knowledge and focus of the Department of Education.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Special Programs and Services:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Phasing out earmarked funding for institutions like the National Technical Institute for the Deaf could impact the services and support available to these populations.</span></p>
<h5 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt;line-height:13.9pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Parental Choice and Flexibility:</span><o:p></o:p></h5>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Empowerment of Families:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Allowing parents to use federal funds for private educational expenses could give families more control over their child's education and potentially improve individual outcomes.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:60.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#363737">·</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">        
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">Challenges and Equity Issues:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:120.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.5pt;box-sizing:border-box">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#363737">o</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">   
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">There is a concern that increased reliance on parental choice and private education options could exacerbate inequalities, particularly for families with fewer resources
 or less ability to navigate complex education systems.</span></p>
<h3 style="margin-bottom:7.5pt"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:#363737">Summary</span><o:p></o:p></h3>
<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#363737">The proposals in Project 2025 reflect a significant shift toward reducing federal control over education and increasing local
 and parental control. Although these changes are intended to empower families and improve educational outcomes through increased choice and flexibility, they also raise important questions about equity and consistency and their overall influence on special
 education services. The potential reallocation of responsibilities and funding, along with the abolition of the Department of Education, would represent a dramatic transformation in the landscape of special education in the United States.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:15.0pt;line-height:19.5pt"><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:#363737">David Bateman is former professor at Shippensburg University and currently works for the American Institutes for Research in Washington,
 DC. He lives in Charlottesville, VA. The views expressed here do not represent the positions of AIR.
</span></em></p>
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