<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hi Kym,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The concept of "thinking out loud" emerged when researchers first started paying attention to metacognition, and is based on extensive explicit instruction research related to “modeling” techniques (see Rosenshine & Stevens). Check out the two researchers below, as their research had a significant influence on the development of the “Stages of Acquisition and Generalization (SAG) steps, and in particular, the importance of using “think aloud” techniques, that SIM employs with the Learning Strategies Curriculum. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Ann Brown (she may have been the first to use the term “think aloud”; she was Marie Ann Paliscar’s mentor and doctoral advisor). Brown was one of the earliest researchers on reading strategy instruction; her work was published extensively. Among a great many notable pubs, the article that had the greatest impact on my work was...</div><div class="">Brown, A.L. (1; 978) <i class="">Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition</i>. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in Instructional Psychology. Hills, NJ: Lawrence Erbaum Associates.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Donald Meichenbaum (another pioneer in metacognition research) — his work also greatly influenced the development of SAG. see…</div><div class="">Meichenbaum , D. (1982). Teaching thinking: A cognitive-behavioral approach. <u class="">Interdisciplinary Voices</u>, <u class="">2</u>, 1-28.</div><div class="">Meichenbaum , D.& Asarnov, j. (1979). <i class="">Cognitive-behavioral modification and metacognitive development.: Implications for the classroom.</i> In R.C. Kendall and J.C. Hollan (Eds.), Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedure. New York. Academic Press. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">The above articles are research reviews rather than original research, but they likely cite specific studies that may be of use to you.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Also… a bit later in the game, Ann Marie Palinscar’s “reciprocal teaching” line of research was almost exclusively about using think-alouds when the teaching reading strategies. She wasn’t the first, but her work certainly received the most sustained attention in the reading community. SAG had already been developed at the time her work emerged. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Hope this helps, Ed Ellis</div><div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Mar 2, 2017, at 4:04 PM, SIMTRAINER-L <<a href="mailto:simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu" class="">simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">Kim, Unfortunately, we didn’t do a research study that broke apart the effects of the key stages of instruction. It would be a difficult study to do. You would have to have about nine groups of students, and each group would have to receive all the stages of instruction except for one. Then you would have to determine the differential effects of that one stage against the others by seeing what happens when that one stage isn’t included.</div><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">This article might be helpful:</div><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Helvetica; text-indent: -0.25in;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;" class="">Ellis, E. S., Deshler, D. D., Lenz, B. K., Schumaker, J. B., & Clark, F. L. (1991). An instructional model for teaching learning strategies.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Focus on Exceptional Children, 23</i>(6), 1-14. Reprinted in : E.L. Meyen, G.A. Vergason, & R .J. Whelan (Eds.)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Educating Students with Mild Disabilities</i>, Denver, CO: Love Publishing Co. (pp. 151-187).</span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Helvetica; text-indent: -0.25in;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Helvetica; text-indent: -0.25in;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;" class="">However, it is a review paper, not a research article, which is what you wanted. Sorry. Jean <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div><span id="OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; text-align: left; border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; padding: 3pt 0in 0in; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223);" class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">From:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Simtrainer-l <<a href="mailto:simtrainer-l-bounces@lists.ku.edu" class="">simtrainer-l-bounces@lists.ku.edu</a>> on behalf of SIM Trainers <<a href="mailto:simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu" class="">simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu</a>><br class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Reply-To:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Kym Craig <<a href="mailto:Kym_Craig@hcpss.org" class="">Kym_Craig@hcpss.org</a>><br class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Date:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Thursday, March 2, 2017 at 3:55 PM<br class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">To:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>SIM Trainers <<a href="mailto:simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu" class="">simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu</a>><br class=""><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="">Subject:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>[Simtrainer-l] In Need of a Journal Article ASAP<br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><div fpstyle="1" ocsi="0" class=""><div style="direction: ltr; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10pt;" class="">Hello!l<br class=""><br class="">I am looking for a journal article that describes the think aloud portion of the SIM strategies and shows the effectiveness. I can't find anything that does that. I have the 1984 article from Clark, but it doesn't describe the think aloud portion. And, I have an article from Deshler that mentions it, but doesn't really describe it, and doesn't test its efficacy. Does anyone know of anything?<br class=""><div class=""><br class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class="">Thanks!<br class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 13px;" class="">Kym Craig<br class=""><font size="2" face="Calibri,sans-serif" class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Simtrainer-l mailing list</span><br style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><a href="mailto:Simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">Simtrainer-l@lists.ku.edu</a><br style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/simtrainer-l" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/simtrainer-l</a></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div></body></html>